{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414348207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3602816","title":"Safeguarded AI-Driven Semantic Communication: Design Principles, Architecture, and Challenges","display_name":"Safeguarded AI-Driven Semantic Communication: Design Principles, Architecture, and Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414348207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3602816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3602816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3602816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170334","display_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","issn_l":"2471-2825","issn":["2471-2825","2471-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/62942.html>,","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010119057","display_name":"Chengsi Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8035-1586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengsi Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054764710","display_name":"Yao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-377X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038776407","display_name":"Dongzhu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7820-9531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongzhu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103390451","display_name":"Dahui Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010119057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9016605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"41","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6722999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6722999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5971999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.4957999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overconfidence-effect","display_name":"Overconfidence effect","score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-network","display_name":"Semantic network","score":0.34049999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6151000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4957999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51110983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16503490","display_name":"Overconfidence effect","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85407183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045785","display_name":"Semantic network","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90312973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449052","display_name":"Semantic data model","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3602816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3602816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170334","display_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","issn_l":"2471-2825","issn":["2471-2825","2471-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:363127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/62942.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:363127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/62942.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4346118858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHEDDAR EP/X040518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"communication":[1],"(SemCom)":[2],"systems":[3,25,74],"heavily":[4],"rely":[5],"on":[6,38,138,142],"artificial":[7],"intelligence":[8],"(AI)":[9],"models":[10,22],"to":[11,30,59,61,110,159,189],"generate":[12],"semantic":[13,50],"representations":[14],"and":[15,65,108,131,164],"reconstruct":[16],"original":[17],"meaning.":[18],"However,":[19],"current":[20],"AI":[21,86,95,102,139],"in":[23,49,70],"SemCom":[24,71,98,153],"present":[26,119],"reliability":[27],"concerns":[28],"due":[29],"two":[31,113],"major":[32],"challenges.":[33],"First,":[34],"they":[35,53],"often":[36],"operate":[37],"a":[39,93,149,174],"\u201cbest":[40],"effort\u201d":[41],"basis,":[42],"displaying":[43],"unwarranted":[44],"overconfidence":[45],"that":[46,100],"undermines":[47],"fidelity":[48],"reconstruction.":[51],"Second,":[52],"are":[54,75],"lack":[55],"of":[56,126,185],"generalization":[57],"capabilities":[58],"adapt":[60],"changing":[62],"network":[63],"conditions":[64],"varying":[66],"knowledge":[67],"bases":[68],"(KBs)":[69],"networks.":[72],"Communication":[73],"safety-critical,":[76],"which":[77],"cannot":[78],"tolerate":[79],"the":[80,112,124,186],"unreliable":[81],"transmission":[82],"caused":[83],"by":[84],"unsafe":[85],"behavior.":[87],"In":[88],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91,118,168,181],"establish":[92],"safeguarded":[94,120,151],"framework":[96,154,188],"for":[97],"networks":[99],"constrains":[101],"behavior":[103],"through":[104,173],"defined":[105,143],"safety":[106,129,136,144],"mechanisms":[107],"boundaries":[109],"address":[111],"challenges":[114,184],"mentioned":[115],"above.":[116],"Particularly,":[117],"AI\u2019s":[121],"architecture,":[122],"detailing":[123],"designs":[125],"world":[127],"model,":[128],"specifications,":[130],"gatekeepers.":[132],"Notably,":[133],"gatekeepers":[134],"enforce":[135],"constraints":[137],"output":[140],"based":[141],"specifications.":[145],"We":[146],"also":[147],"implement":[148],"real-world":[150],"AI-driven":[152],"with":[155,177],"periodically":[156],"updating":[157],"KBs":[158],"absorb":[160],"new":[161],"environmental":[162],"data":[163],"users\u2019":[165],"feedback.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"validate":[169],"our":[170],"framework\u2019s":[171],"effectiveness":[172],"case":[175],"study":[176],"simulation":[178],"results.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"explore":[182],"additional":[183],"proposed":[187],"guide":[190],"future":[191],"research":[192],"directions.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
