{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410887184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3575261","title":"Quantum Machine Learning for 6G Network Intelligence and Adversarial Threats","display_name":"Quantum Machine Learning for 6G Network Intelligence and Adversarial Threats","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410887184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3575261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3575261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3575261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170334","display_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","issn_l":"2471-2825","issn":["2471-2825","2471-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.2025.3575261","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034201659","display_name":"Van-Linh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-0108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-Linh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University (CCU), Chiayi, Taiwan","National Chung Cheng University (CCU), Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-0108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University (CCU), Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung Cheng University (CCU), Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052254001","display_name":"Lan-Huong Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-1295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan-Huong Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computational Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computational Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035925200","display_name":"Ren\u2010Hung Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-4184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren-Hung Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computational Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-4184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computational Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048431501","display_name":"Berk Canberk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-1737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berk Canberk","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering, and The Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K","Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-1737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering, and The Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049089848","display_name":"Trung Q. Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Q. Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial University, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada","Memorial University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3717,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97461388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"40","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.8623999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.8623999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.842199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7637622952461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5360444188117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5091628432273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4575258195400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.373928964138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3600061535835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33754682540893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2666703164577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08777168393135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.05487555265426636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7637622952461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5360444188117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5091628432273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4575258195400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.373928964138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3600061535835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33754682540893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2666703164577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08777168393135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.05487555265426636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3575261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2025.3575261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170334","display_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","issn_l":"2471-2825","issn":["2471-2825","2471-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:4208644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.2025.3575261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:4208644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.2025.3575261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998262898","https://openalex.org/W3129905665","https://openalex.org/W3157186308","https://openalex.org/W4214631008","https://openalex.org/W4223468676","https://openalex.org/W4375868945","https://openalex.org/W4378212147","https://openalex.org/W4387042027","https://openalex.org/W4398131512","https://openalex.org/W4400882851","https://openalex.org/W4402633818","https://openalex.org/W4405183524","https://openalex.org/W4406894513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"computing":[1,40],"has":[2],"been":[3],"a":[4,17],"major":[5],"priority":[6],"for":[7,199,233],"several":[8,71],"nations":[9],"and":[10,25,37,41,54,83,96,111,130,178,211,228],"prominent":[11],"institutions":[12],"in":[13,20,92,123,158,181],"their":[14],"pursuit":[15],"of":[16,23,31,195],"transformative":[18],"breakthrough":[19],"the":[21,29,47,189,193,206],"fields":[22],"computation":[24],"encryption.":[26],"By":[27],"using":[28],"principles":[30],"quantum":[32,35,39,42,56,81,85,106,121,127,133,182,218,222,225,230],"mechanics,":[33],"particularly":[34],"superposition":[36],"entanglement,":[38],"machine":[43],"learning":[44,66,213],"(QML)":[45],"have":[46],"potential":[48],"to":[49,148],"enhance":[50],"artificial":[51],"intelligence":[52],"(AI)":[53],"achieve":[55],"supremacy":[57],"with":[58],"unprecedented":[59],"computational":[60],"power.":[61],"However,":[62,188],"despite":[63],"its":[64],"exceptional":[65],"capabilities,":[67],"QML-based":[68,144],"applications":[69],"face":[70],"emerging":[72],"security":[73,197],"threats.":[74],"Unlike":[75],"previous":[76],"studies":[77],"focused":[78],"on":[79],"classical":[80],"cryptography":[82],"secure":[84,221,229],"communications,":[86],"this":[87],"work":[88],"investigates":[89],"adversarial":[90,112,137,174,209],"risks":[91],"QML-assisted":[93],"network":[94,160],"functions":[95],"digital":[97,150],"twin":[98,151],"applications.":[99],"Specifically,":[100],"we":[101],"highlight":[102],"vulnerabilities":[103],"such":[104,168],"as":[105,169],"kernel":[107],"poisoning,":[108],"backdoor":[109],"attacks,":[110],"noise.":[113],"Key":[114,215],"findings":[115],"reveal":[116],"that":[117],"adversaries":[118],"can":[119,142,185],"intercept":[120],"states":[122],"transit,":[124],"manipulate":[125],"parameterized":[126],"circuits":[128],"(PQCs),":[129],"exploit":[131],"variational":[132],"algorithms":[134],"(VQAs)":[135],"through":[136],"qubit":[138],"perturbations.":[139],"These":[140],"attacks":[141],"mislead":[143],"optimization":[145],"processes,":[146],"leading":[147],"incorrect":[149],"predictions,":[152],"faulty":[153],"resource":[154],"allocation,":[155],"or":[156],"disruptions":[157],"QML-aided":[159],"functions.":[161],"To":[162],"mitigate":[163],"these":[164],"risks,":[165],"defense":[166],"strategies":[167],"quantum-safe":[170],"cryptography,":[171],"data":[172],"sanitization,":[173],"training,":[175],"defensive":[176],"distillation,":[177],"gradient":[179],"masking":[180],"circuit":[183],"design":[184],"be":[186],"employed.":[187],"key":[190],"issue":[191],"is":[192],"absence":[194],"robust":[196],"solutions":[198],"real-world":[200,234],"deployment.":[201,235],"Future":[202],"research":[203],"should":[204],"examine":[205],"trade-off":[207],"between":[208],"robustness":[210],"generative":[212],"performance.":[214],"areas":[216],"include":[217],"state":[219],"discrimination,":[220],"federated":[223],"learning,":[224],"decoherence":[226],"control,":[227],"semantic":[231],"communications":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
