{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155030480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.001.2000035","title":"5G URLLC: Evolution of High-Performance Wireless Networking for Industrial Automation","display_name":"5G URLLC: Evolution of High-Performance Wireless Networking for Industrial Automation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155030480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.001.2000035","mag":"3155030480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcomstd.001.2000035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.001.2000035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170334","display_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","issn_l":"2471-2825","issn":["2471-2825","2471-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028805639","display_name":"Fatemeh Hamidi-Sepehr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6330-1017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Hamidi-Sepehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103559288","display_name":"Masoud Sajadieh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Sajadieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076110878","display_name":"Sergey Panteleev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Panteleev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101553106","display_name":"Toufiqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-1394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toufiqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065769802","display_name":"Ingolf Karls","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingolf Karls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102331957","display_name":"Debdeep Chatterjee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debdeep Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082039098","display_name":"Junaid Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-2550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94990516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"132","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9337999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9337000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6485722064971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6389756202697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.5613564252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4851418435573578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4670013189315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.45402106642723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4292733073234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34241026639938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33643412590026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21284496784210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19239941239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.13424086570739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.12717881798744202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6485722064971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6389756202697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.5613564252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4851418435573578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4670013189315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.45402106642723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4292733073234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34241026639938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33643412590026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21284496784210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19239941239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.13424086570739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.12717881798744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcomstd.001.2000035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.001.2000035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170334","display_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","issn_l":"2471-2825","issn":["2471-2825","2471-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883236982","https://openalex.org/W2883886419","https://openalex.org/W3013494294","https://openalex.org/W4287801005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2218202131","https://openalex.org/W84108837","https://openalex.org/W2519676117","https://openalex.org/W2155740880","https://openalex.org/W4253249845","https://openalex.org/W2148444631","https://openalex.org/W1988425686","https://openalex.org/W2125452230","https://openalex.org/W971421295","https://openalex.org/W2185138819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"the":[1,7,11,20,33,53,67,137],"core":[2],"of":[3,6,19,32,52,93,125,172,179,216,222],"digital":[4],"transformation":[5],"manufacturing":[8,82],"industry":[9],"is":[10,176],"objective":[12],"to":[13,26,47,66,128,227],"unlock":[14],"data":[15,57,68,219],"at":[16],"multiple":[17],"points":[18],"production":[21,56],"system":[22],"and":[23,28,41,55,58,76,80,87,96,110,140,154,188,204,218],"produce":[24],"insights":[25],"improve":[27],"optimize":[29],"all":[30],"aspects":[31,201],"business":[34],"operations.":[35],"Tremendous":[36],"advances":[37],"in":[38,115,134,165],"artificial":[39],"intelligence":[40],"machine":[42,71],"learning":[43,72],"make":[44],"it":[45],"possible":[46],"analyze":[48],"a":[49,166],"vast":[50],"volume":[51],"field":[54],"translate":[59],"them":[60],"into":[61],"optimization":[62],"decisions.":[63],"Real-time":[64],"access":[65],"complements":[69],"efficient":[70],"inference":[73],"for":[74,107],"timely":[75],"actionable":[77],"insights.":[78],"Flexible":[79],"re-configurable":[81],"also":[83,177,210],"demands":[84],"high-performance,":[85],"pervasive,":[86],"low-la-tency":[88],"communication":[89],"links":[90],"supporting":[91,191],"mobility":[92],"workers,":[94],"devices,":[95],"robots.":[97],"Fifth":[98],"Generation":[99],"(5G)":[100],"New":[101],"Radio":[102],"(NR)":[103],"introduced":[104],"basic":[105],"support":[106],"Ultra":[108],"Reliable":[109],"Low":[111],"Latency":[112],"Communication":[113],"(urLLC)":[114],"Release-15":[116],"through":[117],"intrinsic":[118],"design":[119,197],"features.":[120],"Release-16":[121,196],"extends":[122],"real-time":[123],"capabilities":[124],"5G":[126,148,223],"NR":[127,224],"different":[129],"verticals,":[130],"addressing":[131],"use":[132],"cases":[133],"factory":[135],"automation,":[136,193],"transport":[138],"industry,":[139],"electrical":[141],"power":[142],"distribution.":[143],"Wireless":[144],"technologies":[145],"such":[146,159],"as":[147,160],"urLLC":[149,228],"should":[150],"co-exist":[151],"with":[152,174,202,225],"incumbent":[153],"emerging":[155],"industrial":[156,192],"Ethernet":[157],"systems":[158],"Time":[161],"Sensitive":[162],"Networking":[163],"(TSN)":[164],"heterogenous":[167],"networking":[168],"architecture.":[169],"Hence,":[170],"specification":[171],"interworking":[173,200],"TSN":[175,203],"part":[178],"3GPP":[180],"Release-16.":[181],"In":[182],"this":[183],"article,":[184],"we":[185],"discuss":[186],"low-latency":[187],"high-reliability":[189],"features":[190],"focusing":[194],"on":[195],"specifications.":[198],"The":[199],"time":[205],"synchronization":[206],"accuracy":[207],"limits":[208],"are":[209],"highlighted,":[211],"followed":[212],"by":[213],"performance":[214],"evaluation":[215],"control":[217],"traffic":[220],"channels":[221],"respect":[226],"requirements.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
