{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308480756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9928087","title":"Crucible of Communications: How Amateur Radio Launched the Information Age and Brought High Tech to Life: Part 1: The Birth and Breadth of the Ham Radio Hobby Invited Article","display_name":"Crucible of Communications: How Amateur Radio Launched the Information Age and Brought High Tech to Life: Part 1: The Birth and Breadth of the Ham Radio Hobby Invited Article","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308480756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9928087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2022.9928087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9928087","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/9928159/09928087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/9928159/09928087.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086709697","display_name":"Theodore. S. Rappaport","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Theodore. S. Rappaport","raw_affiliation_strings":["N9NB, IEEE Fellow, Lee/Weber Chaired Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Founding Director of NYU WIRELESS, New York University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"N9NB, IEEE Fellow, Lee/Weber Chaired Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Founding Director of NYU WIRELESS, New York University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086709697"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4212,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71679258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"10","first_page":"6","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12836","display_name":"History and Developments in Astronomy","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.9060999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hobby","display_name":"Hobby","score":0.9172835350036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amateur","display_name":"Amateur","score":0.7554923892021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanguard","display_name":"Vanguard","score":0.6527045965194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6048161387443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/launched","display_name":"Launched","score":0.4792882800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcast-engineering","display_name":"Broadcast engineering","score":0.4653879702091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olympiad","display_name":"Olympiad","score":0.4487338960170746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32617294788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-broadcasting","display_name":"Radio broadcasting","score":0.31135571002960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.31080982089042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.2850910425186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18831506371498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.14001300930976868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.12950125336647034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780831121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47728","display_name":"Hobby","level":2,"score":0.9172835350036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778044066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455595","display_name":"Amateur","level":2,"score":0.7554923892021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255546","display_name":"Vanguard","level":2,"score":0.6527045965194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6048161387443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122555611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627421","display_name":"Launched","level":2,"score":0.4792882800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88527984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176252","display_name":"Broadcast engineering","level":3,"score":0.4653879702091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130383907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221956","display_name":"Olympiad","level":2,"score":0.4487338960170746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32617294788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58911810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273623","display_name":"Radio broadcasting","level":2,"score":0.31135571002960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31080982089042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2850910425186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18831506371498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14001300930976868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.12950125336647034}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2022.9928087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9928087","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/9928159/09928087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2022.9928087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9928087","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/9928159/09928087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308480756.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308480756.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W600870835","https://openalex.org/W1597203497","https://openalex.org/W2061407432","https://openalex.org/W2138904872","https://openalex.org/W4207059146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352951599","https://openalex.org/W2390861995","https://openalex.org/W2490375224","https://openalex.org/W2385970750","https://openalex.org/W4387383917","https://openalex.org/W2617082563","https://openalex.org/W2376830726","https://openalex.org/W2105518104","https://openalex.org/W2392652310","https://openalex.org/W2370163372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"hobby":[1,102],"of":[2,24,64,84,90],"amateur":[3,52,91],"radio,":[4,92],"or":[5],"\u201cham":[6],"radio\u201d":[7],"as":[8],"it":[9],"is":[10],"commonly":[11],"known":[12],"among":[13],"its":[14],"3":[15],"million":[16],"global":[17,71],"practitioners,":[18],"has":[19,54,103],"been":[20],"at":[21,39],"the":[22,62,70,87,95,99,107,111],"vanguard":[23],"electrical":[25],"and":[26,57,75,78,93,110],"computer":[27],"engineering":[28,72,108],"since":[29,48],"a":[30],"young":[31],"Italian":[32],"inventor,":[33],"Guglielmo":[34],"Marconi,":[35],"first":[36],"demonstrated":[37],"wireless":[38],"his":[40],"summer":[41],"home":[42],"in":[43,45,60],"Bologna":[44],"1894.":[46],"Ever":[47],"that":[49,98],"fateful":[50],"discovery,":[51],"radio":[53,101],"played":[55],"vast":[56],"vital":[58],"roles":[59],"capturing":[61],"imagination":[63],"inventors,":[65],"spawning":[66],"new":[67],"technologies,":[68],"fueling":[69],"work":[73],"force,":[74],"fostering":[76],"friendship":[77],"international":[79],"goodwill.":[80],"This":[81],"three-part":[82],"series":[83],"articles":[85],"chronicles":[86],"historical":[88],"evolution":[89],"shows":[94],"astounding":[96],"impact":[97],"ham":[100],"made":[104],"on":[105],"both":[106],"profession":[109],"world.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
