{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223622106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9755274","title":"Guest Editorial: Low Earth Orbit Satellites to Enable Access Equality","display_name":"Guest Editorial: Low Earth Orbit Satellites to Enable Access Equality","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223622106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9755274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2022.9755274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9755274","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/9755267/09755274.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/9755267/09755274.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022600471","display_name":"G\u00fcne\u015f Karabulut Kurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-2619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunes Karabulut Kurt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090804957","display_name":"M. A. V\u00e1zquez\u2010Castro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-7149"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ngeles V\u00e1zquez-Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053471896","display_name":"Ejder Ba\u015ftu\u01e7","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ejder Bastug","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"4","first_page":"16","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9435999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.901199996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.7616575956344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6870542764663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6416149139404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.5524849891662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.49401551485061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4866800904273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.4841404855251312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"Digital divide","score":0.4443926513195038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4134679138660431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.31279420852661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1387593150138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10076150298118591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09343060851097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.09115096926689148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.7616575956344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6870542764663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6416149139404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.5524849891662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.49401551485061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4866800904273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.4841404855251312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.4443926513195038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4134679138660431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.31279420852661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1387593150138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10076150298118591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09343060851097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09115096926689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2022.9755274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9755274","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/9755267/09755274.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2022.9755274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2022.9755274","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/9755267/09755274.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223622106.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223622106.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290631344","https://openalex.org/W2111015838","https://openalex.org/W4307865003","https://openalex.org/W2770101701","https://openalex.org/W2000326185","https://openalex.org/W1969681213","https://openalex.org/W4399426891","https://openalex.org/W2141661339","https://openalex.org/W2092836983","https://openalex.org/W4288753173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humanity":[0],"shares":[1],"the":[2,8,19,43,68,105],"need":[3],"for":[4],"Internet":[5],"access.":[6],"However,":[7,104],"International":[9],"Telecommunication":[10],"Union":[11],"(ITU)":[12],"estimates":[13],"that":[14],"only":[15,87],"63":[16],"percent":[17],"of":[18,38,40,70,107],"world's":[20],"population":[21],"is":[22],"connected":[23],"in":[24],"2021.":[25],"The":[26],"emerging":[27],"low":[28],"Earth":[29],"orbit":[30],"(LEO)":[31],"mega-constellation":[32],"networks,":[33],"planned":[34],"to":[35,45,88,94,97],"be":[36],"composed":[37],"thousands":[39],"satellites,":[41],"have":[42],"potential":[44],"connect":[46],"all":[47],"through":[48],"their":[49,101],"global":[50],"footprint":[51],"and":[52,64,99,115],"bridge":[53],"this":[54],"ever-existing":[55],"digital":[56],"divide.":[57],"Supported":[58],"by":[59],"more":[60],"cost-effective":[61],"launch":[62],"systems":[63],"reconfigurable":[65],"software":[66],"architectures,":[67],"capabilities":[69],"new":[71],"LEO":[72],"satellites":[73],"are":[74],"significantly":[75],"higher":[76],"than":[77],"traditional":[78],"satellites.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"these":[81],"mega-constellations":[82],"can":[83],"provide":[84],"services":[85],"not":[86],"sparsely":[89],"populated":[90],"areas":[91],"but":[92],"also":[93],"urban":[95],"centers":[96],"enable":[98],"maintain":[100],"economic":[102],"sustainability.":[103],"provision":[106],"access":[108],"equality":[109],"would":[110],"still":[111],"require":[112],"architectural,":[113],"management,":[114],"operational":[116],"changes.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}