{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903146257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1800255","title":"Microwave vs. Millimeter-Wave Propagation Channels: Key Differences and Impact on 5G Cellular Systems","display_name":"Microwave vs. Millimeter-Wave Propagation Channels: Key Differences and Impact on 5G Cellular Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903146257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1800255","mag":"2903146257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2018.1800255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1800255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047954881","display_name":"Mansoor Shafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-8969"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mansoor Shafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spark, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spark, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434769","display_name":"Jianhua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-3846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014951406","display_name":"Harsh Tataria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6085-4102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsh Tataria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University, Belfast"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University, Belfast","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071725365","display_name":"Andreas F. Molisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-4763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas F. Molisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014646698","display_name":"Shu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-3746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058193542","display_name":"Theodore S. Rappaport","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-9957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore S. Rappaport","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073439066","display_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743610","display_name":"Shangbin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4734-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117523","display_name":"Samsung (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gjq94","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangbin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R&D Institute, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R&D Institute, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108669860","display_name":"Koshiro Kitao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koshiro Kitao","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT DOCOMO, INC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT DOCOMO, INC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047954881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.0889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":237,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99399688,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"12","first_page":"14","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.8188815116882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.814772367477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7300245761871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6199823617935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.5156897306442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5126230120658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5098151564598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-transmission","display_name":"Microwave transmission","score":0.4809207618236542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.4580586850643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.43510180711746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4345168471336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16779157519340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1140671968460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0986577570438385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.8188815116882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.814772367477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7300245761871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6199823617935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5156897306442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5126230120658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5098151564598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1705053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747066","display_name":"Microwave transmission","level":3,"score":0.4809207618236542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.4580586850643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.43510180711746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4345168471336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16779157519340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1140671968460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0986577570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2018.1800255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1800255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:6eb71d67-64b9-4f0a-b25a-ac0299e68ef2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/6eb71d67-64b9-4f0a-b25a-ac0299e68ef2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0163-6804","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/0e253b5d-191f-4f78-bd38-72eaadac62f5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/0e253b5d-191f-4f78-bd38-72eaadac62f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Shafi , M , Zhang , J , Tataria , H , Molisch , A F , Sun , S , Rappaport , T S , Tufvesson , F , Wu , S &amp; Kitao , K 2018 , ' Microwave vs. Millimeter-Wave Propagation Channels: Key Differences and Impact on 5G Cellular Systems ' , IEEE Communications Magazine , vol. 56 , no. 12 , pp. 14-20 . https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2018.1800255","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1995314719","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2119108698","https://openalex.org/W2299676078","https://openalex.org/W2606308235","https://openalex.org/W2714495837","https://openalex.org/W2755360796","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W4239066252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993173194","https://openalex.org/W2029103568","https://openalex.org/W2053782597","https://openalex.org/W1610877714","https://openalex.org/W2918553796","https://openalex.org/W3146547526","https://openalex.org/W2164310324","https://openalex.org/W2886458280","https://openalex.org/W2118464559","https://openalex.org/W2069586996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fifth":[0],"generation":[1],"cellular":[2,33],"systems":[3],"will":[4],"be":[5,64],"deployed":[6],"in":[7,42,73],"the":[8,32,43,52,61,74,78],"microwave":[9,56,79],"and":[10,80,83],"millimeterwave":[11],"(mmWave)":[12],"frequency":[13],"bands":[14,23],"(i.e.,":[15],"between":[16,77],"0.5100":[17],"GHz).":[18],"Propagation":[19],"characteristics":[20,54,76],"at":[21,55],"these":[22,89],"have":[24,47],"a":[25,48],"fundamental":[26],"impact":[27,91],"on":[28],"each":[29],"aspect":[30],"of":[31,51,87],"architecture,":[34],"ranging":[35],"from":[36],"equipment":[37],"design":[38],"to":[39],"real-time":[40],"performance":[41],"field.":[44],"While":[45],"we":[46],"reasonable":[49],"understanding":[50],"propagation":[53,75],"(<;":[57],"6":[58],"GHz)":[59],"frequencies,":[60],"same":[62],"cannot":[63],"said":[65],"for":[66],"mmWave.":[67],"This":[68],"article":[69],"explains":[70],"key":[71],"differences":[72,90],"mmWave":[81],"bands,":[82],"further":[84],"gives":[85],"examples":[86],"how":[88],"5G":[92],"system":[93],"design.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}