{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2782974033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1700385","title":"Human-Enabled Edge Computing: Exploiting the Crowd as a Dynamic Extension of Mobile Edge Computing","display_name":"Human-Enabled Edge Computing: Exploiting the Crowd as a Dynamic Extension of Mobile Edge Computing","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2782974033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1700385","mag":"2782974033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1700385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1700385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8255754/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067123099","display_name":"Paolo Bellavista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-7948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Bellavista","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica: Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI), University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY -"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica: Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI), University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY -","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916297","display_name":"Stefano Chessa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1248-9478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122991210","display_name":"Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione \"Alessandro Faedo\"","ror":"https://ror.org/05kacka20","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122991210","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Chessa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica, University of Pisa Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 56127 Pisa","National Council of Research, ISTI-CNR,Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica, University of Pisa Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 56127 Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Council of Research, ISTI-CNR,Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122991210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073919193","display_name":"Luca Foschini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-3647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Foschini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica: Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI), University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY -"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica: Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI), University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY -","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053178491","display_name":"Leo Gioia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Gioia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica: Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI), University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY -"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica: Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI), University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY -","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001727216","display_name":"Michele Girolami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-7158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122991210","display_name":"Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione \"Alessandro Faedo\"","ror":"https://ror.org/05kacka20","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122991210","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Girolami","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Council of Research, ISTI-CNR,Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Council of Research, ISTI-CNR,Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122991210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.0643,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99135316,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"145","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8916690349578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6763046979904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.6325251460075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5878199338912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.5431370735168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.5282644033432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquitous-computing","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","score":0.4744497239589691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4550429880619049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.31553637981414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23088976740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2191620171070099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8916690349578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6763046979904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6325251460075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5878199338912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.5431370735168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.5282644033432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.4744497239589691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4550429880619049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31553637981414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23088976740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2191620171070099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1700385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1700385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/907769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8255754/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/619470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8255754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:people______::b76ed7fb20eaf3d67548b9bccc617be5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055261","display_name":"ISTI Open Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE (PRINT), vol. 56 (issue 1), pp. 145-155","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/907769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8255754/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W816773383","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1991642373","https://openalex.org/W2003506144","https://openalex.org/W2074933120","https://openalex.org/W2134946452","https://openalex.org/W2296033070","https://openalex.org/W2426130453","https://openalex.org/W2495871049","https://openalex.org/W2561715741","https://openalex.org/W2596005034","https://openalex.org/W2603810864","https://openalex.org/W2701380475","https://openalex.org/W6637131181"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361251304","https://openalex.org/W3024547383","https://openalex.org/W4210813012","https://openalex.org/W3174690704","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W4221092438","https://openalex.org/W2915650030","https://openalex.org/W4385335479","https://openalex.org/W3138472728","https://openalex.org/W2114035912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84],"MEC":[1,52,79,107,130,148,172],"vision":[2],"leverages":[3],"the":[4,17,25,41,76,98,103,125,141,163,168,171,176,191,205,208,214],"availability":[5],"of":[6,16,63,78,105,128,143,170,193,207],"powerful":[7],"and":[8,19,37,50,65,70,80,100,133,145],"low-cost":[9],"middleboxes,":[10],"statically":[11],"deployed":[12],"at":[13,190,216],"suitable":[14],"edges":[15],"network":[18],"acting":[20],"as":[21,57,92],"local":[22,47],"proxies":[23,132],"for":[24,60,195],"centralized":[26],"cloud":[27],"backbone;":[28],"this":[29],"potentially":[30],"enables,":[31],"among":[32],"other":[33],"things,":[34],"better":[35,38],"scalability":[36],"reactivity":[39],"in":[40,162,175,211],"interaction":[42],"with":[43],"mobile":[44,81,147],"nodes":[45,218],"via":[46],"control":[48],"decisions":[49],"actuation.":[51],"has":[53],"already":[54],"been":[55],"proposed":[56,209],"an":[58,180],"enabler":[59],"several":[61],"Internet":[62],"Things":[64],"cyber-physical":[66],"systems":[67],"application":[68],"scenarios,":[69],"also":[71],"mutual":[72],"benefits":[73],"due":[74],"to":[75,96,101,119,123,135,220],"integration":[77,169],"crowdsensing":[82],"(MCS).":[83],"article":[85],"originally":[86],"proposes":[87],"human-driven":[88],"edge":[89,217],"computing":[90],"(HEC)":[91],"a":[93,110],"new":[94],"model":[95],"ease":[97],"provisioning":[99,222],"extend":[102,137],"coverage":[104,139],"traditional":[106],"solutions.":[108],"From":[109],"methodological":[111],"perspective,":[112],"we":[113,153,156],"show":[114,204],"how":[115,155],"it":[116],"is":[117],"possible":[118],"exploit":[120],"MCS":[121,164,182],"i)":[122],"support":[124],"effective":[126],"deployment":[127],"fixed":[129],"(FMEC)":[131],"ii)":[134],"further":[136],"their":[138],"through":[140,167],"introduction":[142],"impromptu":[144],"human-enabled":[146],"(M2EC)":[149],"proxies.":[150],"In":[151],"addition,":[152],"describe":[154],"have":[157],"implemented":[158],"these":[159],"novel":[160],"concepts":[161],"ParticipAct":[165,177],"platform":[166,174],"Elijah":[173],"living":[178],"lab,":[179],"ongoing":[181],"real-world":[183],"experiment":[184],"that":[185],"involved":[186],"about":[187],"170":[188],"students":[189],"University":[192],"Bologna":[194],"more":[196],"than":[197],"two":[198],"years.":[199],"Reported":[200],"experimental":[201],"results":[202],"quantitatively":[203],"effectiveness":[206],"techniques":[210],"elastically":[212],"scaling":[213],"load":[215],"according":[219],"runtime":[221],"needs.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
