{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2597394326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600776cm","title":"NATwatcher: Profiling NATs in the Wild","display_name":"NATwatcher: Profiling NATs in the Wild","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2597394326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600776cm","mag":"2597394326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1600776cm","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600776cm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/31971","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055748512","display_name":"Anna Maria Mandalari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-101X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Maria Mandalari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Carlos III of Madrid"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Carlos III of Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016730113","display_name":"Miguel \u00c1ngel D\u00edaz Bautista","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Angel Diaz Bautista","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Carlos III of Madrid"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Carlos III of Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077735695","display_name":"Francisco Valera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-0573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Valera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Carlos III of Madrid"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Carlos III of Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055022091","display_name":"Marcelo Bagnulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0815-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Bagnulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Carlos III of Madrid"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Carlos III of Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01898921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"178","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9298999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9143999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7784432768821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.6542633771896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4302111864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2705402672290802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7784432768821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6542633771896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4302111864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2705402672290802}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1600776cm","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600776cm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::436608816520d4433c6fcaa28a629aec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/31971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::436608816520d4433c6fcaa28a629aec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/31971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1790874114","https://openalex.org/W2042419493","https://openalex.org/W2048011829","https://openalex.org/W2105630003","https://openalex.org/W2281150297","https://openalex.org/W2287368351","https://openalex.org/W2289424780","https://openalex.org/W2293529464","https://openalex.org/W2483605756","https://openalex.org/W2496956984","https://openalex.org/W4237677199","https://openalex.org/W4250101418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"NATs":[0],"are":[1,18],"commonplace":[2],"in":[3,91,119,133],"the":[4,21,39,44,71,74,81,86,92,95,98,120,140,181],"Internet":[5,22],"nowadays.":[6],"It":[7],"is":[8,47,67,127],"fair":[9],"to":[10,20,63,70,80,113,128,135,150],"say":[11],"that":[12,48],"most":[13,40],"residential":[14],"and":[15,36,61,108,176,185],"mobile":[16],"users":[17],"connected":[19],"through":[23],"one":[24],"or":[25],"more":[26],"NATs.":[27,144],"As":[28],"with":[29],"any":[30],"other":[31],"technology,":[32],"NAT":[33,45,75,88,101,131,152,187],"presents":[34],"upsides":[35],"downsides.":[37],"Probably":[38],"acknowledged":[41],"downside":[42],"of":[43,73,83,85,97,124,139,143],"technology":[46,76],"it":[49],"introduces":[50],"additional":[51],"difficulties":[52],"for":[53,106],"some":[54],"applications":[55,118],"such":[56],"as":[57],"peer-to-peer":[58],"applications,":[59],"gaming,":[60],"others":[62],"function":[64],"properly.":[65],"This":[66],"partially":[68],"due":[69,79],"nature":[72],"but":[77],"also":[78],"diversity":[82],"behaviors":[84],"different":[87,174],"implementations":[89],"deployed":[90,100],"Internet.":[93,121],"Understanding":[94],"properties":[96],"currently":[99],"base":[102],"provides":[103],"useful":[104],"input":[105],"application":[107],"protocol":[109],"developers":[110],"regarding":[111],"what":[112],"expect":[114],"when":[115],"deploying":[116],"new":[117],"The":[122],"goal":[123],"this":[125],"article":[126],"identify":[129],"common":[130],"profiles":[132],"order":[134],"provide":[136],"an":[137],"overview":[138],"current":[141],"behavior":[142],"We":[145,160,179],"develop":[146],"NATwatcher,":[147],"a":[148,155,162],"tool":[149],"test":[151],"boxes":[153],"using":[154,166],"crowdsourcing-":[156],"based":[157],"measurement":[158,164],"methodology.":[159],"perform":[161],"large":[163],"campaign":[165],"NATwatcher":[167],"recruiting":[168],"over":[169,190],"700":[170],"users,":[171],"from":[172,189],"65":[173],"countries":[175],"280":[177],"ISPs.":[178],"present":[180],"results":[182],"after":[183],"testing":[184],"profiling":[186],"products":[188],"120":[191],"vendors.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}