{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2595011851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600595cm","title":"Wrong Siren! A Location Spoofing Attack on Indoor Positioning Systems: The Starbucks Case Study","display_name":"Wrong Siren! A Location Spoofing Attack on Indoor Positioning Systems: The Starbucks Case Study","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2595011851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600595cm","mag":"2595011851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1600595cm","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600595cm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057116671","display_name":"Junsung Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3799-8970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsung Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044904204","display_name":"Jaegwan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaegwan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067902158","display_name":"Sanghak Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-5683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghak Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066360619","display_name":"Jungwoo Ryoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-9859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungwoo Ryoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073827174","display_name":"JaeSeung Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-9651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JaeSeung Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sejong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sejong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016563574","display_name":"Hyoungshick Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-3866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyoungshick Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91587432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"132","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8023727536201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.7922216653823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siren","display_name":"Siren (mythology)","score":0.7482452392578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6632709503173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5460692644119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.5242400765419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.48056867718696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.46837836503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4545412063598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12922325730323792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8023727536201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.7922216653823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150986","display_name":"Siren (mythology)","level":2,"score":0.7482452392578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6632709503173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5460692644119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.5242400765419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.48056867718696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.46837836503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4545412063598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12922325730323792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1600595cm","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600595cm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543653153","https://openalex.org/W2063068653","https://openalex.org/W2075053596","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2109732574","https://openalex.org/W2127785555","https://openalex.org/W2142803923","https://openalex.org/W2165274895","https://openalex.org/W2269131354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762764793","https://openalex.org/W2549936067","https://openalex.org/W2325061356","https://openalex.org/W2378218812","https://openalex.org/W2549439819","https://openalex.org/W2733934953","https://openalex.org/W2036202717","https://openalex.org/W1996448601","https://openalex.org/W1805378716","https://openalex.org/W2966307288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,7,44,83,134],"Things":[3],"interconnects":[4],"a":[5,90,127],"mass":[6],"billions":[8],"devices,":[9],"from":[10],"smartphones":[11],"to":[12,14,18,24,36,49,54,60,67,72],"cars,":[13],"provide":[15],"convenient":[16],"services":[17,38,53,71],"people.":[19],"This":[20],"gives":[21],"immediate":[22],"access":[23],"various":[25],"data":[26],"about":[27],"the":[28,31,81,135],"objects":[29],"and":[30,39,106],"environmental":[32],"context":[33],"--":[34],"leading":[35],"smart":[37,70],"increased":[40],"efficiency.":[41],"A":[42],"number":[43],"retail":[45],"stores":[46],"have":[47],"started":[48],"adopt":[50],"IoT":[51,113],"enabled":[52],"attract":[55],"customers.":[56],"In":[57,85],"particular,":[58],"thanks":[59],"indoor":[61],"proximity":[62],"technologies,":[63],"it":[64],"is":[65],"possible":[66],"introduce":[68],"location-based":[69],"customers,":[73],"for":[74,115],"example,":[75],"transmitting":[76],"identifiable":[77],"signals":[78,99],"that":[79],"represent":[80],"locations":[82],"stores.":[84],"this":[86,122],"article,":[87],"we":[88],"investigate":[89],"potential":[91],"security":[92,123,132],"risk":[93,124],"involved":[94],"in":[95],"such":[96],"technologies:":[97],"physical":[98],"used":[100],"as":[101],"identifiers":[102],"can":[103],"be":[104],"captured":[105],"forged":[107],"easily":[108],"with":[109],"today's":[110],"widely":[111],"available":[112],"software":[114],"implementing":[116],"location":[117],"spoofing":[118],"attacks.":[119],"We":[120],"highlight":[121],"by":[125],"providing":[126],"case":[128],"study:":[129],"an":[130],"in-depth":[131],"analysis":[133],"recently":[136],"launched":[137],"Starbucks":[138],"service":[139],"called":[140],"Siren":[141],"Order.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
