{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2587227857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1500672cm","title":"Laser-Diode-Based Visible Light Communication: Toward Gigabit Class Communication","display_name":"Laser-Diode-Based Visible Light Communication: Toward Gigabit Class Communication","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2587227857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1500672cm","mag":"2587227857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1500672cm","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1500672cm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055181180","display_name":"Fahad Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0067-6508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11662577","display_name":"Monash University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00yncr324","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108433117","display_name":"Masuduzzaman Bakaul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11662577","display_name":"Monash University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00yncr324","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masuduzzaman Bakaul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001670707","display_name":"Rajendran Parthiban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0983-9796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11662577","display_name":"Monash University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00yncr324","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajendran Parthiban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98498449,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"2","first_page":"144","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.9510622024536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gigabit","display_name":"Gigabit","score":0.8907099962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7651763558387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.5726919770240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5344483256340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.504618763923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.49746087193489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.4639567732810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4530312120914459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4331130385398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38887614011764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19942110776901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12274402379989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09480023384094238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.9510622024536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21922175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3105497","display_name":"Gigabit","level":2,"score":0.8907099962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7651763558387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.5726919770240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5344483256340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.504618763923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49746087193489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.4639567732810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4530312120914459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4331130385398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38887614011764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19942110776901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12274402379989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09480023384094238}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1500672cm","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1500672cm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1412659613","https://openalex.org/W1599111019","https://openalex.org/W1750824792","https://openalex.org/W1945155318","https://openalex.org/W1964604939","https://openalex.org/W1987771348","https://openalex.org/W2070932098","https://openalex.org/W2079170079","https://openalex.org/W2085751691","https://openalex.org/W2134763065","https://openalex.org/W2139864908","https://openalex.org/W2160530110","https://openalex.org/W2166252931","https://openalex.org/W2226613999","https://openalex.org/W2403167913","https://openalex.org/W2471301269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587227857","https://openalex.org/W3154767425","https://openalex.org/W2039798909","https://openalex.org/W2592894164","https://openalex.org/W2058402055","https://openalex.org/W2392762026","https://openalex.org/W4211208704","https://openalex.org/W3009734089","https://openalex.org/W4319082625","https://openalex.org/W853381886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"VLC":[0,64,86],"is":[1],"an":[2],"emerging":[3],"optical":[4],"wireless":[5],"communication":[6,107,132],"technology":[7,133],"that":[8,127],"can":[9],"be":[10],"added":[11],"as":[12,36,60],"a":[13],"complementary":[14],"feature":[15],"into":[16],"existing":[17],"lighting":[18],"infrastructures":[19],"for":[20,43,63],"alleviating":[21],"pressure":[22],"on":[23,81],"the":[24,40,48,56,82,89,106,124],"rapidly":[25],"dwindling":[26],"radio":[27],"frequency":[28],"spectrum.":[29],"Although":[30],"LEDs":[31,102],"have":[32],"been":[33],"traditionally":[34],"used":[35],"transmitters":[37],"in":[38,47,118],"VLC,":[39],"growing":[41],"urgency":[42],"higher":[44],"data":[45],"rates":[46],"gigabit":[49],"class":[50],"range":[51],"has":[52],"deviated":[53],"focus":[54],"toward":[55],"consideration":[57],"of":[58,70,84,98,111,114,120],"LDs":[59,99],"potential":[61,125],"sources":[62],"due":[65],"to":[66,101],"their":[67],"unique":[68,96],"features":[69,97],"high":[71],"modulation":[72],"bandwidth,":[73],"efficiency,":[74],"and":[75,92,108,123],"beam":[76],"convergence.":[77],"This":[78],"article":[79],"focuses":[80],"principles":[83],"LD-based":[85],"systems,":[87],"highlighting":[88],"operational":[90],"characteristics":[91],"link":[93],"configurations.":[94],"The":[95,116],"compared":[100],"are":[103,134],"discussed":[104],"alongside":[105],"illumination":[109],"aspects":[110],"different":[112],"classifications":[113],"LD-VLC.":[115],"challenges":[117],"terms":[119],"practical":[121],"implementation":[122],"applications":[126],"might":[128],"arise":[129],"from":[130],"this":[131],"also":[135],"discussed.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}