{"id":"https://openalex.org/W268112365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7105669","title":"Macro-assisted data-only carrier for 5G green cellular systems","display_name":"Macro-assisted data-only carrier for 5G green cellular systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W268112365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7105669","mag":"268112365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2015.7105669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7105669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625605","display_name":"Xing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4345-6166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414865","display_name":"Jiaxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2822-1900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350664","display_name":"Wenbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-3189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732087","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-9674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway","Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067414898","display_name":"I Chih\u2010Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-4352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Chih-Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, Beijing, CN","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012117289","display_name":"Zhengang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1856-7170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile, China","[Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438664","display_name":"Gang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-5909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute, China","[Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002295593","display_name":"Yami Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yami Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute, China","[Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Green Communication Research Center, China Mobile Research Institute]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100625605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98116058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"5","first_page":"223","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8016182780265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6473420262336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.5667792558670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5590730905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5381838083267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell","display_name":"Small cell","score":0.4739573001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4512752592563629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lte-advanced","display_name":"LTE Advanced","score":0.4455992579460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4267265498638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4184829294681549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.37340712547302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3221566677093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3007088899612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2511964738368988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.16368812322616577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8016182780265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6473420262336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.5667792558670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5590730905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5381838083267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179655311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7543020","display_name":"Small cell","level":3,"score":0.4739573001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4512752592563629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17652562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345402","display_name":"LTE Advanced","level":3,"score":0.4455992579460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4267265498638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4184829294681549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.37340712547302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3221566677093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3007088899612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2511964738368988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.16368812322616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2015.7105669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7105669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976916271","https://openalex.org/W2016600137","https://openalex.org/W2132712787","https://openalex.org/W2144239375","https://openalex.org/W2147584524","https://openalex.org/W2153966451","https://openalex.org/W2166021179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W2047225036","https://openalex.org/W4386698331","https://openalex.org/W2093207996","https://openalex.org/W2138314731","https://openalex.org/W2189050590","https://openalex.org/W3200928969","https://openalex.org/W2089394245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,13,21,30,48,68,99,146,161,199,218],"commercial":[2],"operation":[3],"of":[4,17,52,101,148,180,217],"4G":[5],"systems":[6,34],"is":[7,166],"speeding":[8],"up":[9],"worldwide":[10],"to":[11,118,144,160,185,211],"meet":[12],"increasingly":[14],"explosive":[15],"growth":[16],"mobile":[18,222],"Internet":[19],"in":[20,44,67],"2020":[22],"era,":[23],"a":[24,45,77,86,95,120,152],"great":[25],"many":[26],"R&D":[27],"efforts":[28],"targeting":[29],"next":[31,69],"generation":[32,70],"wireless":[33],"(5G)":[35],"have":[36],"been":[37],"launched.":[38],"With":[39,98],"densely":[40],"deployed":[41],"small":[42,65,113,131,140],"cells":[43,66,114],"heterogeneous":[46],"network,":[47],"excessive":[49],"signaling":[50,181],"overhead":[51],"conventional":[53],"carrier":[54,62,89],"design":[55],"greatly":[56],"degrades":[57],"system":[58,71,154],"performance.":[59],"A":[60],"new":[61],"designed":[63,129],"for":[64,90,112],"will":[72],"be":[73,116,212],"highly":[74,213],"beneficial":[75],"toward":[76],"green":[78,96,221],"communication":[79],"network.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82,124],"article,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"macro-assisted":[87],"data-only":[88],"future":[91,219],"5G":[92,220],"networks":[93],"from":[94],"prospective.":[97],"help":[100],"macro":[102],"base":[103],"stations,":[104],"control":[105],"channel":[106],"overhead,":[107,182],"and":[108,134,139,155,192],"cell-specific":[109],"reference":[110],"signals":[111],"can":[115,183],"minimized":[117],"achieve":[119],"pure-data":[121],"carrier.":[122],"Under":[123],"architecture,":[125],"key":[126],"procedures":[127],"are":[128],"including":[130],"cell":[132,141],"identification":[133],"access,":[135],"synchronization,":[136],"hand":[137],"over,":[138],"sleeping.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"evaluate":[145],"potential":[147],"our":[149,173],"proposed":[150,174,208],"scheme,":[151],"complete":[153],"link-level":[156],"simulation":[157,169],"platform":[158],"according":[159],"current":[162,200],"3GPP":[163],"LTE":[164,201],"standard":[165],"built.":[167],"The":[168,207],"results":[170],"show":[171],"that":[172],"systems,":[175],"achieving":[176],"significant":[177],"performance":[178],"enhancement":[179],"lead":[184],"more":[186],"than":[187],"17":[188],"percent":[189,194],"throughput":[190],"improvement":[191],"90":[193],"energy":[195],"efficiency":[196],"gain":[197],"over":[198],"HetNet":[202],"with":[203],"on-off":[204],"strategy":[205],"implemented.":[206],"scheme":[209],"appears":[210],"attractive":[214],"as":[215],"part":[216],"networks.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}