{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141682101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6736761","title":"Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems","display_name":"Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141682101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6736761","mag":"2141682101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2014.6736761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6736761","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/6736727/06736761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/6736727/06736761.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043552696","display_name":"Erik G. Larsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-4367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erik G. Larsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISY Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","ISY, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISY Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISY, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045195961","display_name":"Ove Edfors","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5966-8468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ove Edfors","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Sweden","\u2021Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073439066","display_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Sweden","\u2021Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014805999","display_name":"Thomas L. Marzetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-405X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas L. Marzetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs Alcatel-Lucent, United States","Bell Laboratories\u2014Alcatel-Lucent, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs Alcatel-Lucent, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories\u2014Alcatel-Lucent, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043552696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":467.7541,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6856,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99999138,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"2","first_page":"186","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8601722121238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7441273927688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.6481342911720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.6194319128990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.54593825340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.47479456663131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4610324203968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.43832987546920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42481112480163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3962661921977997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.36106812953948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3386375904083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.29141965508461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14784306287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10743159055709839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8601722121238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7441273927688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.6481342911720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.6194319128990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.54593825340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.47479456663131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4610324203968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.43832987546920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42481112480163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3962661921977997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.36106812953948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3386375904083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.29141965508461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14784306287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10743159055709839}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2014.6736761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6736761","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/6736727/06736761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1304.6690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6690","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.6690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-105585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article in journal"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:acbe1af4-f62e-46a0-930a-5359ae4c08fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4305564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0163-6804","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2014.6736761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6736761","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/35/6736727/06736761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321806","display_name":"Lunds Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141682101.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141682101.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968966984","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1974708997","https://openalex.org/W1979905340","https://openalex.org/W2013491227","https://openalex.org/W2013546591","https://openalex.org/W2037785632","https://openalex.org/W2073804566","https://openalex.org/W2075455532","https://openalex.org/W2083020163","https://openalex.org/W2084304524","https://openalex.org/W2100776396","https://openalex.org/W2111113050","https://openalex.org/W2112323603","https://openalex.org/W2114945762","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2171342189","https://openalex.org/W2171387626","https://openalex.org/W2399172355","https://openalex.org/W2540018060","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W6677178498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996130034","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2159343473","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1500439066","https://openalex.org/W1574498476","https://openalex.org/W1987148101","https://openalex.org/W2907409713","https://openalex.org/W1905709045","https://openalex.org/W4390496060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-user":[0],"MIMO":[1,62,128,177,249],"offers":[2],"big":[3],"advantages":[4],"over":[5,95],"conventional":[6],"point-to-point":[7],"MIMO:":[8],"it":[9,184],"works":[10],"with":[11,43,82],"cheap":[12],"single-antenna":[13],"terminals,":[14,162,211],"a":[15,58,79,89],"rich":[16],"scattering":[17],"environment":[18,155],"is":[19,25,56],"not":[20,57,168],"required,":[21],"and":[22,50,52,76,98,120,143,206,236,251],"resource":[23],"allocation":[24],"simplified":[26],"because":[27],"every":[28],"active":[29,96],"terminal":[30],"utilizes":[31],"all":[32],"of":[33,47,88,92,112,126,132,139,195,214,217,223,246],"the":[34,86,140,153,161,193,212,221,247,255],"time-frequency":[35],"bins.":[36],"However,":[37],"multi-user":[38],"MIMO,":[39,71,73,75],"as":[40,65],"originally":[41],"envisioned,":[42],"roughly":[44],"equal":[45],"numbers":[46],"service":[48,93,224],"antennas":[49,94,103],"terminals":[51,97],"frequency-division":[53],"duplex":[54,100],"operation,":[55],"scalable":[59],"technology.":[60],"Massive":[61],"(also":[63],"known":[64],"large-scale":[66],"antenna":[67],"systems,":[68],"very":[69],"large":[70,90],"hyper":[72],"full-dimension":[74],"ARGOS)":[77],"makes":[78],"clean":[80],"break":[81],"current":[83],"practice":[84],"through":[85],"use":[87,131],"excess":[91,222],"time-division":[99],"operation.":[101],"Extra":[102],"help":[104],"by":[105,220],"focusing":[106],"energy":[107,122,233],"into":[108],"ever":[109],"smaller":[110],"regions":[111],"space":[113],"to":[114,160,230],"bring":[115],"huge":[116],"improvements":[117],"in":[118,172],"throughput":[119,150],"radiated":[121],"efficiency.":[123],"Other":[124],"benefits":[125],"massive":[127,176,248],"include":[129],"extensive":[130],"inexpensive":[133],"low-power":[134],"components,":[135],"reduced":[136],"latency,":[137],"simplification":[138],"MAC":[141],"layer,":[142],"robustness":[144],"against":[145],"intentional":[146],"jamming.":[147],"The":[148],"anticipated":[149],"depends":[151],"on":[152,254],"propagation":[154],"providing":[156],"asymptotically":[157],"orthogonal":[158],"channels":[159],"but":[163],"so":[164],"far":[165],"experiments":[166],"have":[167],"disclosed":[169],"any":[170],"limitations":[171],"this":[173],"regard.":[174],"While":[175],"renders":[178],"many":[179,197],"traditional":[180],"research":[181,253],"problems":[182,188],"irrelevant,":[183],"uncovers":[185],"entirely":[186],"new":[187,238],"that":[189,201],"urgently":[190],"need":[191],"attention:":[192],"challenge":[194],"making":[196],"low-cost":[198],"low-precision":[199],"components":[200],"work":[202],"effectively":[203],"together,":[204],"acquisition":[205],"synchronization":[207],"for":[208],"newly":[209],"joined":[210],"exploitation":[213],"extra":[215],"degrees":[216],"freedom":[218],"provided":[219],"antennas,":[225],"reducing":[226],"internal":[227],"power":[228],"consumption":[229],"achieve":[231],"total":[232],"efficiency":[234],"reductions,":[235],"finding":[237],"deployment":[239],"scenarios.":[240],"This":[241],"article":[242],"presents":[243],"an":[244],"overview":[245],"concept":[250],"contemporary":[252],"topic.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":364},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":383},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":417},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":479},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":642},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":730},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":740},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":803},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":819},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":651},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":496},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":231},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}