{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973344211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2013.6685772","title":"Radio environment map as enabler for practical cognitive radio networks","display_name":"Radio environment map as enabler for practical cognitive radio networks","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973344211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2013.6685772","mag":"1973344211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2013.6685772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2013.6685772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083891031","display_name":"H. Birkan Yilmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-2028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Yilmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bogazici University","Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bogazici University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010245978","display_name":"Tuna Tu\u011fcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-3920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuna Tugcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bogazici University","Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bogazici University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022598362","display_name":"Fatih Alag\u00f6z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2189-5371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Alag\u00f6z","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bogazici University","Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bogazici University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041994291","display_name":"Suzan Bayhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-704X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32943570","display_name":"Helsinki Institute for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kph4940","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I32943570","https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzan Bayhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University","[Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32943570","https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32943570","https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.8862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":273,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9942754,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"12","first_page":"162","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.9169559478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8567136526107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8460742235183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.7547374367713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enabling","display_name":"Enabling","score":0.526052713394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.4266687035560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4151822626590729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-network","display_name":"Cognitive network","score":0.4120689034461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3937647044658661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3373924493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18717139959335327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.9169559478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8567136526107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8460742235183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.7547374367713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22607594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375150","display_name":"Enabling","level":2,"score":0.526052713394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.4266687035560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4151822626590729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32542511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141225","display_name":"Cognitive network","level":4,"score":0.4120689034461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3937647044658661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3373924493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18717139959335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2013.6685772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2013.6685772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978683675","https://openalex.org/W2017806736","https://openalex.org/W2051685021","https://openalex.org/W2115877982","https://openalex.org/W2127856853","https://openalex.org/W2138240075","https://openalex.org/W2160099617","https://openalex.org/W2163338810","https://openalex.org/W2164679141","https://openalex.org/W2589903817","https://openalex.org/W6680403137","https://openalex.org/W6734153851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972428965","https://openalex.org/W2783146704","https://openalex.org/W2015863032","https://openalex.org/W4253729536","https://openalex.org/W4229995136","https://openalex.org/W2068546917","https://openalex.org/W2034515435","https://openalex.org/W1490150884","https://openalex.org/W79872372","https://openalex.org/W2055815081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Latest":[0],"regulations":[1],"on":[2,20],"TV":[3],"white":[4],"space":[5],"communications":[6],"and":[7,34,47,106,144,172,196],"emerging":[8],"trends":[9],"of":[10,77,87,98,128,183],"spectrum":[11,43,99,119],"access":[12],"through":[13],"geolocation":[14,56,95],"databases":[15,25],"relax":[16],"the":[17,75,88,126,142,184],"regulatory":[18],"constraints":[19],"Cognitive":[21],"Radios":[22],"(CRs).":[23],"Geolocation":[24],"are":[26,36],"designed":[27],"to":[28,32,38,110,124,153,199],"store":[29],"information":[30,50,93,198],"related":[31,48],"incumbents,":[33],"CRs":[35,143],"envisioned":[37],"consult":[39],"this":[40,179],"database":[41],"before":[42],"access.":[44],"Spectrum":[45],"occupancy":[46],"environment":[49],"can":[51,145,167],"be":[52],"constructed":[53],"using":[54],"these":[55],"databases.":[57],"In":[58,136,178],"that":[59,69,157],"regard,":[60],"Radio":[61],"Environment":[62],"Map":[63],"(REM)":[64],"is":[65,132,152,187],"a":[66,71,84],"promising":[67],"tool":[68],"provides":[70],"practical":[72],"means":[73],"for":[74],"realization":[76],"cognitive":[78,165,169],"radio":[79],"networks":[80],"(CRNs).":[81],"It":[82],"constructs":[83],"comprehensive":[85],"map":[86],"CRN":[89],"by":[90,113],"utilizing":[91],"multi-domain":[92],"from":[94,122,141,193],"databases,":[96],"characteristics":[97],"use,":[100],"geographical":[101],"terrain":[102],"models,":[103],"propagation":[104],"environment,":[105],"regulations.":[107],"REMs":[108,171],"contribute":[109],"cognition":[111],"engines":[112],"building":[114],"long-term":[115],"knowledge":[116],"via":[117,170],"processing":[118],"measurements":[120],"collected":[121],"sensors":[123],"estimate":[125],"state":[127],"locations":[129],"where":[130],"there":[131],"no":[133],"measurement":[134],"data.":[135],"addition,":[137],"REM":[138,185,200,206],"utilizes":[139],"feedback":[140],"apply":[146],"various":[147,190],"learning":[148],"tools.":[149],"The":[150],"vision":[151],"design":[154],"CRNs":[155],"such":[156],"CRs,":[158],"though":[159],"being":[160],"simple":[161],"devices":[162],"without":[163],"advanced":[164],"functionalities,":[166],"become":[168],"operate":[173],"in":[174,189],"an":[175,181],"efficient":[176],"manner.":[177],"paper,":[180],"overview":[182],"concept":[186],"presented":[188],"dimensions":[191],"ranging":[192],"its":[194],"architecture":[195],"stored":[197],"construction":[201],"techniques":[202],"as":[203,205],"well":[204],"quality":[207],"metrics.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}