{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053511073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2011.6035825","title":"A 3W network strategy for mobile data traffic offloading","display_name":"A 3W network strategy for mobile data traffic offloading","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053511073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2011.6035825","mag":"2053511073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2011.6035825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2011.6035825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102132138","display_name":"Yongmin Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101155339","display_name":"Korea Telecom (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/043n4tt17","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongmin Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KT Corporation, South Korea","KT Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KT Corporation, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KT Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061309244","display_name":"Hyon Wook Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-3781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101155339","display_name":"Korea Telecom (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/043n4tt17","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Wook Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["KT Corporation, South Korea","KT Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KT Corporation, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KT Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037789463","display_name":"Jae-yoon Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101155339","display_name":"Korea Telecom (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/043n4tt17","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-yoon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["KT Corporation, South Korea","KT Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KT Corporation, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KT Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101155339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100601077","display_name":"Hyunchul Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8006-9504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-chul Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, South Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018605475","display_name":"J.A. Silvester","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Silvester","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, USA","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95867193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"10","first_page":"118","last_page":"123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.830065131187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7788105010986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-broadband","display_name":"Mobile broadband","score":0.6320750117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5932378768920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.480448454618454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell","display_name":"Small cell","score":0.4661750793457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.43961578607559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-shaping","display_name":"Traffic shaping","score":0.42411544919013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-car-data","display_name":"Floating car data","score":0.4201236963272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.4149879813194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3508530855178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-control","display_name":"Network traffic control","score":0.29265493154525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26846224069595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.20614704489707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.17731896042823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.09213131666183472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.830065131187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7788105010986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78834623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640394","display_name":"Mobile broadband","level":3,"score":0.6320750117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5932378768920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.480448454618454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179655311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7543020","display_name":"Small cell","level":3,"score":0.4661750793457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.43961578607559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46451311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262550","display_name":"Traffic shaping","level":4,"score":0.42411544919013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64093975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356677","display_name":"Floating car data","level":3,"score":0.4201236963272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.4149879813194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3508530855178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201100257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393287","display_name":"Network traffic control","level":3,"score":0.29265493154525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26846224069595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.20614704489707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.17731896042823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.09213131666183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2011.6035825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2011.6035825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322065","display_name":"National IT Industry Promotion Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/026v53e29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322109","display_name":"Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/058rymf81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132777427","https://openalex.org/W2134289576","https://openalex.org/W2139366636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2924115056","https://openalex.org/W2790875472","https://openalex.org/W168462531","https://openalex.org/W4377087011","https://openalex.org/W2141958076","https://openalex.org/W1998697661","https://openalex.org/W4385487586","https://openalex.org/W2944153034","https://openalex.org/W2545157373","https://openalex.org/W3151724051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,78],"presents":[2],"a":[3,12,41,57,61,84],"quantitative":[4],"survey":[5],"of":[6,33,50,83,99,126,141,149,171],"mobile":[7,20,51,66,106,113,155],"data":[8,34,52,67,107,114],"traffic":[9,16,35,53,68,108,115,124,172],"surge":[10],"and":[11,25,101,131,147],"strategic":[13],"solution":[14],"to":[15,104],"offloading.":[17,173],"As":[18],"diverse":[19],"devices":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"smartphones":[24,100],"tablet":[26],"computers":[27],"become":[28],"ubiquitous,":[29],"the":[30,81,94,97,105,123,127,139,150],"explosive":[31],"increase":[32,49,59],"in":[36,60,70,134,153],"3G":[37,71],"cellular":[38,72],"networks":[39,73,152,166],"is":[40,54,63,74,116,167],"major":[42],"concern":[43],"for":[44],"network":[45,85,133],"operators.":[46],"The":[47],"rapid":[48],"unprecedented":[55],"-":[56],"tenfold":[58],"year":[62],"common.":[64],"Thus,":[65],"offloading":[69],"necessary.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"we":[79,121,143,160],"examine":[80],"effect":[82],"strategy":[86],"deploying":[87,163],"multiple":[88,164],"wireless":[89,165],"networks.":[90],"We":[91],"first":[92],"discuss":[93,145],"relationship":[95],"between":[96],"spread":[98],"their":[102],"contribution":[103],"surge.":[109],"To":[110],"see":[111],"how":[112],"transferred":[117],"among":[118],"different":[119],"networks,":[120],"illustrate":[122],"trend":[125],"3W":[128,151],"(WCDMA,":[129],"WIBRO,":[130],"WiFi)":[132],"KT":[135],"Corporation.":[136],"Based":[137],"on":[138],"composition":[140],"traffic,":[142],"also":[144],"functions":[146],"roles":[148],"accessing":[154],"Internet.":[156],"From":[157],"these":[158],"results,":[159],"show":[161],"that":[162],"an":[168],"effective":[169],"way":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}