{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003174495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.5116793","title":"Retrospective - 25 years later [History of Communications]","display_name":"Retrospective - 25 years later [History of Communications]","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003174495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.5116793","mag":"2003174495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2009.5116793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.5116793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023215165","display_name":"Irwin Dorros","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Irwin Dorros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023215165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87816359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"6","first_page":"14","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.5257999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.5257999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divestment","display_name":"Divestment","score":0.9692971706390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6557044982910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negotiation","display_name":"Negotiation","score":0.6381257772445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5995244979858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4712177813053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30093032121658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2733690142631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1844419240951538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181190989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200733","display_name":"Divestment","level":2,"score":0.9692971706390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6557044982910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.6381257772445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5995244979858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4712177813053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30093032121658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2733690142631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1844419240951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2009.5116793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.5116793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247366804","https://openalex.org/W3045541022","https://openalex.org/W2540536730","https://openalex.org/W2313646369","https://openalex.org/W2904511012","https://openalex.org/W4309151157","https://openalex.org/W632692523","https://openalex.org/W1994081291","https://openalex.org/W4308973340","https://openalex.org/W1543772419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"recounted":[1],"in":[2,32,37,121,164,171,177,186,191],"the":[3,9,28,33,38,42,61,82,105,112,117,122,125,131,134,141,145,155,178,183,192],"paper":[4],"by":[5],"Irwin":[6,85],"Dorros":[7,86],"following,":[8,40],"divestiture":[10,139,146],"of":[11,30,56,84,108,127,133,180,182,195],"AT&T":[12,95,115],"went":[13],"officially":[14],"into":[15],"effect":[16],"January":[17],"1,":[18],"1984,":[19],"25":[20],"years":[21,39],"ago.":[22],"This":[23,54],"momentous":[24],"event":[25],"irreversibly":[26],"changed":[27],"state":[29],"telecommunications":[31,135],"United":[34],"States,":[35],"and,":[36],"throughout":[41],"world,":[43],"as":[44,74],"country":[45,47],"after":[46,158],"privatized":[48],"their":[49],"previously":[50],"government-owned":[51],"telecommunication":[52],"systems.":[53],"year":[55],"2009":[57],"therefore":[58],"offers":[59],"us":[60],"opportunity":[62],"to":[63,71,80,103,138,144,202],"look":[64],"back":[65],"and":[66,101,116,120,140],"see":[67],"what":[68],"has":[69],"happened":[70],"our":[72],"field":[73],"a":[75,93],"result.":[76],"We":[77,198],"are":[78],"fortunate":[79],"have":[81],"views":[83,153],"on":[87,154],"this":[88,200],"occasion,":[89],"since":[90],"he":[91],"was":[92],"key":[94],"executive":[96],"charged":[97],"with":[98],"working":[99],"out,":[100],"helping":[102],"resolve,":[104],"complex":[106],"issues":[107],"divestiture,":[109],"both":[110],"during":[111],"negotiations":[113],"between":[114],"U.S.":[118],"government,":[119],"period":[123],"following":[124],"agreement":[126],"divestiture.":[128,159],"He":[129,148,160],"describes":[130],"nature":[132],"industry":[136,157],"prior":[137],"factors":[142],"leading":[143],"agreement.":[147],"also":[149],"provides":[150],"his":[151,165,172],"own":[152],"communications":[156],"pulls":[161],"no":[162],"punches":[163],"candid":[166],"remarks,":[167],"indicating":[168],"where":[169],"AT&T,":[170],"opinion,":[173],"which":[174],"had":[175],"been":[176],"forefront":[179],"much":[181],"worldwide":[184],"innovation":[185],"voice":[187],"telephony,":[188],"fell":[189],"behind":[190],"broad":[193],"area":[194],"computer":[196],"communications.":[197],"commend":[199],"article":[201],"your":[203],"attention.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}