{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073116214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2006.1580932","title":"The resurgence of push-to-talk technologies","display_name":"The resurgence of push-to-talk technologies","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073116214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2006.1580932","mag":"2073116214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2006.1580932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2006.1580932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041092244","display_name":"Luiz A. DaSilva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-6150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.A. DaSilva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108875268","display_name":"Gwyn Morgan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.E. Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112285859","display_name":"C.W. Bostian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.W. Bostian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113503922","display_name":"D.G. Sweeney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.G. Sweeney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032279199","display_name":"Scott F. Midkiff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4933-7360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.F. Midkiff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027348774","display_name":"Jeffrey H. Reed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-1901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.H. Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046763283","display_name":"Charles Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4743-1815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009572823","display_name":"W.G. Newhall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71815811","display_name":"Ball (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/031rbfd73","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132373","https://openalex.org/I71815811"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.G. Newhall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ball AeroSpace and Technologies Corporation","Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ball AeroSpace and Technologies Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71815811"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112722745","display_name":"B.D. Woerner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Woerner","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University, USA","West Virginia University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93080992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.769985556602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.615943431854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5558515191078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.5096526145935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.47810691595077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4637024998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.43864476680755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4347628951072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telegraphy","display_name":"Telegraphy","score":0.42567726969718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40374845266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.37420472502708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.29843226075172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.2003518044948578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telephony","display_name":"Telephony","score":0.1864522397518158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11279460787773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07813107967376709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.769985556602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.615943431854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5558515191078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.5096526145935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.47810691595077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4637024998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.43864476680755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4347628951072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62147058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721587","display_name":"Telegraphy","level":3,"score":0.42567726969718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40374845266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37420472502708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.29843226075172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2003518044948578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195358072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944584","display_name":"Telephony","level":2,"score":0.1864522397518158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11279460787773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07813107967376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.2006.1580932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2006.1580932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137617364","https://openalex.org/W2137851683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480157154","https://openalex.org/W374438460","https://openalex.org/W586297427","https://openalex.org/W4244693461","https://openalex.org/W3124969438","https://openalex.org/W2058103984","https://openalex.org/W4250935950","https://openalex.org/W1510229485","https://openalex.org/W4233610445","https://openalex.org/W2080777590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Push-to-talk":[0],"(PTT)":[1],"technologies":[2,91],"date":[3],"back":[4],"to":[5,102],"the":[6,9,16,67,71,79,89,109],"advent":[7],"of":[8,18,66,88,114],"telegraph":[10],"and":[11,111],"more":[12],"recently":[13],"have":[14,29],"been":[15],"domain":[17],"traditional":[19],"land":[20],"mobile":[21],"radio":[22],"(LMR)":[23],"networks.":[24],"The":[25],"past":[26],"few":[27],"years":[28],"brought":[30],"about":[31],"a":[32,37],"resurgence":[33],"in":[34,70,78,97],"PTT":[35,104,116],"as":[36,53],"service":[38],"offered":[39],"by":[40,45,50],"commercial":[41,115],"providers,":[42],"driven":[43],"first":[44],"private":[46],"subscribers":[47],"and,":[48],"increasingly,":[49],"organizations":[51],"such":[52],"law":[54],"enforcement":[55],"agencies":[56],"that":[57,100],"traditionally":[58],"rely":[59],"on":[60,117],"LMRs.":[61],"This":[62],"technology,":[63],"today":[64],"one":[65],"growth":[68],"areas":[69],"communications":[72],"industry,":[73],"has":[74],"received":[75],"little":[76],"attention":[77],"scientific":[80],"literature.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"article,":[84],"we":[85],"discuss":[86,108],"some":[87],"emerging":[90],"(voice":[92],"over":[93],"IP,":[94],"CDMA":[95],"used":[96],"2.5G/3G":[98],"systems)":[99],"relate":[101],"today's":[103],"service.":[105],"We":[106],"also":[107],"market":[110],"financial":[112],"implications":[113],"current":[118],"LMR":[119],"deployments.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}