{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207473375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.110.2000984","title":"MIMO Operations in Molecular Communications: Theory, Prototypes, and Open Challenges","display_name":"MIMO Operations in Molecular Communications: Theory, Prototypes, and Open Challenges","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207473375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.110.2000984","mag":"3207473375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.110.2000984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.110.2000984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112094882","display_name":"Bon-Hong Koo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bon-Hong Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609703","display_name":"Changmin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changmin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059780057","display_name":"Al\u00ed Emre Pusane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-6684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali E. Pusane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bogazici University, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bogazici University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010245978","display_name":"Tuna Tu\u011fcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-3920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuna Tugcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bogazici University, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bogazici University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079863632","display_name":"Chan\u2010Byoung Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Byoung Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7288812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"9","first_page":"98","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8233627080917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7126674652099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6352341175079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5511417984962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5241742134094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.435062438249588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.43231379985809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4315701723098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.4269118010997772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4193660318851471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39790254831314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3966306149959564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3920519948005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3680403232574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.32564306259155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.28770098090171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2184218168258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.151519775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09062010049819946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8233627080917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7126674652099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6352341175079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5511417984962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5241742134094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.435062438249588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.43231379985809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4315701723098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.4269118010997772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4193660318851471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39790254831314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3966306149959564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3920519948005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3680403232574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.32564306259155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.28770098090171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2184218168258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.151519775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09062010049819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.110.2000984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.110.2000984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047272490","https://openalex.org/W2144244895","https://openalex.org/W2168002711","https://openalex.org/W2294456571","https://openalex.org/W2607447150","https://openalex.org/W2897153938","https://openalex.org/W2920074752","https://openalex.org/W2949673699","https://openalex.org/W2962833680","https://openalex.org/W2963873962","https://openalex.org/W3036177523","https://openalex.org/W3037299588","https://openalex.org/W3045861483","https://openalex.org/W3046204269","https://openalex.org/W3048931342","https://openalex.org/W3100991707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W2059045613","https://openalex.org/W884630482","https://openalex.org/W2025723618","https://openalex.org/W2552025594","https://openalex.org/W4211013851","https://openalex.org/W4224872188","https://openalex.org/W4285223123","https://openalex.org/W4386970495","https://openalex.org/W2982570613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,36,70,77,159],"Bio-nano":[3],"Things":[4],"is":[5,79,101],"a":[6],"significant":[7],"development":[8],"for":[9,29,67,137,178],"next":[10],"generation":[11],"communication":[12,17],"technologies.":[13],"Because":[14],"conventional":[15,97],"wireless":[16],"technologies":[18],"face":[19],"challenges":[20,195],"in":[21,54,89,93,140],"realizing":[22],"new":[23],"applications":[24],"(e.g.,":[25],"in-body":[26],"area":[27],"networks":[28],"health":[30],"monitoring)":[31],"and":[32,84,115,131],"necessitate":[33],"the":[34,58,68,80,105,156,179,194],"substitution":[35],"information":[37,113],"carriers,":[38],"researchers":[39],"have":[40,62],"shifted":[41],"their":[42],"interest":[43],"to":[44,95,103,118,125,133,162,174,185,198],"molecular":[45],"communications":[46],"(MC).":[47],"Although":[48],"remarkable":[49],"progress":[50,139],"has":[51],"been":[52,63],"made":[53],"this":[55,190],"field":[56],"over":[57],"last":[59],"decade,":[60],"advances":[61],"far":[64],"from":[65,182],"acceptable":[66],"achievement":[69],"its":[71],"application":[72],"objectives.":[73],"A":[74],"crucial":[75],"problem":[76],"MC":[78,109,164],"low":[81],"data":[82],"rate":[83,87],"high":[85],"error":[86],"inherent":[88],"particle":[90],"dynamics":[91],"specifications,":[92],"contrast":[94],"wave-based":[96],"communications.":[98],"Therefore,":[99],"it":[100],"important":[102],"investigate":[104],"resources":[106],"by":[107,192],"which":[108],"can":[110],"obtain":[111],"additional":[112],"paths":[114],"provide":[116,134],"strategies":[117],"exploit":[119],"these":[120],"resources.":[121],"This":[122],"study":[123,191],"aims":[124],"examine":[126],"techniques":[127],"involving":[128],"resource":[129],"aggregation":[130],"exploitation":[132],"prospective":[135],"directions":[136],"future":[138],"MC.":[141],"In":[142],"particular,":[143],"we":[144,168,188],"focus":[145],"on":[146,149],"state-of-the-art":[147],"studies":[148,171],"multiple-input":[150],"multiple-output":[151],"(MIMO)":[152],"systems.":[153],"We":[154],"discuss":[155],"possible":[157],"advantages":[158],"applying":[160],"MIMO":[161,176],"various":[163,170],"system":[165],"models.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"survey":[169],"that":[172,196],"aimed":[173],"achieve":[175],"gains":[177],"respective":[180],"models,":[181],"theoretical":[183],"background":[184],"prototypes.":[186],"Finally,":[187],"conclude":[189],"summarizing":[193],"need":[197],"be":[199],"addressed.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}