{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404102123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.006.2400126","title":"Techno-Economic Assessment of LEO Mega-Constellation with Multi-Satellite Collaboration","display_name":"Techno-Economic Assessment of LEO Mega-Constellation with Multi-Satellite Collaboration","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404102123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.006.2400126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.006.2400126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.006.2400126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017996057","display_name":"Neng Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-826X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neng Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113417749","display_name":"Chaoqun Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoqun Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008979995","display_name":"Qiaolin Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-454X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaolin Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062900726","display_name":"Bichen Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3307-824X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bichen Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007557286","display_name":"Hyundong Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-8084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyundong Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University,Korea","Kyung Hee University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056209905","display_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-6149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Trent University,U.K","Kyung Hee University, Korea","Nottingham Trent University, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Trent University,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Trent University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97290969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"11","first_page":"36","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.9480000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7737486958503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.7659621238708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.7286295294761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mega","display_name":"Mega-","score":0.710385262966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6319037675857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5367459058761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5311884880065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.4761533737182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-tracking","display_name":"Satellite tracking","score":0.4323917627334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3659800887107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10467997193336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.09165835380554199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7737486958503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.7659621238708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.7286295294761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781078984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205","display_name":"Mega-","level":2,"score":0.710385262966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6319037675857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5367459058761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5311884880065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.4761533737182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985889645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite tracking","level":3,"score":0.4323917627334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3659800887107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10467997193336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09165835380554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.006.2400126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.006.2400126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5840972582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094155032","https://openalex.org/W2921679472","https://openalex.org/W2981817796","https://openalex.org/W2992876274","https://openalex.org/W3140307912","https://openalex.org/W3152725543","https://openalex.org/W3193580765","https://openalex.org/W3194225147","https://openalex.org/W3207377112","https://openalex.org/W4225593849","https://openalex.org/W4241303015","https://openalex.org/W4313006194","https://openalex.org/W4389610149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385787340","https://openalex.org/W2394459062","https://openalex.org/W2392670398","https://openalex.org/W4221033466","https://openalex.org/W4224313018","https://openalex.org/W2355913771","https://openalex.org/W2560673277","https://openalex.org/W2803578617","https://openalex.org/W2062350146","https://openalex.org/W4392153104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advancements":[0],"in":[1,25,67,128],"small":[2],"satellites":[3],"and":[4,90,96,117,158,192],"launch":[5],"technologies,":[6],"as":[7,9],"well":[8],"the":[10,19,26,30,35,63,69,87,111,118,132,141,160,176,180,185],"emerging":[11],"business":[12,88],"model,":[13],"have":[14,51],"provided":[15],"new":[16],"possibilities":[17],"for":[18,42,57,98,183],"success":[20],"of":[21,65,71,79,113,115,121,134,162,188],"mega-constellation":[22],"networks":[23],"(MCNs)":[24],"6G":[27],"era.":[28],"However,":[29],"substantial":[31],"costs":[32],"associated":[33],"with":[34],"ground":[36,72,122],"segment":[37],"pose":[38],"a":[39,75,99,103,125],"significant":[40,126],"challenge":[41],"developing":[43],"commercial":[44],"satellite":[45],"constellations.":[46],"While":[47],"inter-satellite":[48],"links":[49],"(ISLs)":[50],"been":[52],"adopted":[53],"by":[54,153,166],"many":[55],"constellations":[56],"global":[58],"connectivity,":[59],"this":[60],"article":[61],"explores":[62],"potential":[64,181],"ISLs":[66,116,148],"reducing":[68],"cost":[70,107,119,129,161,186],"segments":[73],"through":[74,131],"comprehensive":[76],"techno-economic":[77],"assessment":[78],"low":[80],"Earth":[81],"orbit":[82],"MCNs.":[83],"We":[84],"first":[85],"analyze":[86],"model":[89],"markets":[91],"to":[92,171,190],"identify":[93],"key":[94],"characteristics":[95],"requirements":[97],"successful":[100],"MCN.":[101],"Then,":[102],"detailed":[104],"evaluation":[105,142],"on":[106,110,175],"efficiency,":[108],"based":[109],"investigation":[112],"capabilities":[114],"estimation":[120],"stations,":[123],"reveals":[124],"improvement":[127],"efficiency":[130,187],"adoption":[133],"multi-satellite":[135],"collaboration":[136],"via":[137],"enhanced":[138],"ISLs.":[139],"Specifically,":[140],"shows":[143],"that":[144],"adopting":[145],"high-rate":[146],"optical":[147],"can":[149],"increase":[150],"system":[151],"throughput":[152],"more":[154],"than":[155],"three":[156],"times,":[157],"reduce":[159],"worldwide":[163],"real-time":[164],"transmission":[165],"approximately":[167],"69.4":[168],"percent":[169],"compared":[170],"radio-frequency-based":[172],"ones.":[173],"Based":[174],"observation,":[177],"we":[178],"propose":[179],"directions":[182],"enhancing":[184],"MCNs":[189],"inspire":[191],"encourage":[193],"further":[194],"exploration.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}