{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399728369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.002.2300554","title":"RIS-Empowered LEO Satellite Networks for 6G: Promising Usage Scenarios and Future Directions","display_name":"RIS-Empowered LEO Satellite Networks for 6G: Promising Usage Scenarios and Future Directions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399728369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.002.2300554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.002.2300554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.002.2300554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005368920","display_name":"Mesut Toka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-7786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mesut Toka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ajou University,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ajou University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010245012","display_name":"Byungju Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-2324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146429904","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byungju Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Incheon National University,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Incheon National University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101496441","display_name":"Jaehyup Seong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8405-701X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyup Seong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059240244","display_name":"Aryan Kaushik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-4641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aryan Kaushik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711600","display_name":"Juhwan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-0903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhwan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107072466","display_name":"Jungwoo Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungwoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014076559","display_name":"Namyoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-4108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namyoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009725517","display_name":"Wonjae Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-1237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjae Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042307561","display_name":"H. Vincent Poor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Vincent Poor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":55.6818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99874864,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"11","first_page":"128","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9652000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.900600016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8536895513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6303245425224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5022516250610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4636567234992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.45432084798812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3423958718776703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.08142393827438354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8536895513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6303245425224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5022516250610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4636567234992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.45432084798812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3423958718776703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08142393827438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.002.2300554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.002.2300554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2592871158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024-00359235,2021-0-00260,2022-0-00704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4388520830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1A2C4002065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8554439942","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2128448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2991743273","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3080545694","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3196656437","https://openalex.org/W3213037190","https://openalex.org/W4200316120","https://openalex.org/W4285199939","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4320015870","https://openalex.org/W4378194912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W1836774208","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2325965825","https://openalex.org/W4230711642","https://openalex.org/W4233213628","https://openalex.org/W2373343648","https://openalex.org/W4237717127","https://openalex.org/W64102529","https://openalex.org/W3029457158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-Earth":[0],"orbit":[1],"(LEO)":[2],"satellite":[3,23,76,125,135],"systems":[4],"have":[5,78],"been":[6,88],"deemed":[7],"a":[8,92,130],"promising":[9,45,148],"key":[10],"enabler":[11],"for":[12],"current":[13],"5G":[14],"and":[15,33,63,71,82,110,137,143,151,161],"the":[16,41,106,171],"forthcoming":[17],"6G":[18,173],"wireless":[19],"networks.":[20,126],"Such":[21],"LEO":[22,75,124,134,165],"constellations":[24],"can":[25,101],"provide":[26],"worldwide":[27],"three-dimensional":[28],"coverage,":[29],"high":[30],"data":[31],"rate,":[32],"scalability,":[34],"thus":[35],"enabling":[36],"truly":[37],"ubiquitous":[38],"connectivity.":[39],"On":[40],"other":[42],"hand,":[43],"another":[44],"technology":[46],"\u2013":[47,52],"reconfigurable":[48],"intelligent":[49],"surfaces":[50],"(RISs)":[51],"has":[53,87],"emerged":[54],"with":[55,163],"favorable":[56],"features,":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59],"flexible":[60],"deployment,":[61],"cost":[62],"power":[64],"efficiency,":[65],"less":[66],"transmission":[67],"delay,":[68],"noise-free":[69],"nature,":[70],"in-band":[72],"full-duplex":[73],"structure.":[74],"networks":[77],"many":[79],"practical":[80],"imperfections":[81],"limitations;":[83],"however,":[84],"exploiting":[85,121],"RISs":[86,100,122],"shown":[89],"to":[90,95],"be":[91],"potential":[93,141,158],"solution":[94],"overcome":[96],"these":[97],"challenges.":[98,144],"Particularly,":[99],"enhance":[102],"link":[103],"quality,":[104],"reduce":[105],"Doppler":[107],"shift":[108],"effect,":[109],"mitigate":[111],"inter-/intra":[112],"beam":[113],"interference.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116],"article,":[117],"we":[118,128,146,156],"delve":[119],"into":[120],"in":[123,153],"First,":[127],"present":[129],"holistic":[131],"overview":[132],"of":[133,170],"communication":[136],"RIS":[138],"technology,":[139],"highlighting":[140],"benefits":[142],"Second,":[145],"describe":[147],"usage":[149],"scenarios":[150],"applications":[152],"detail.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"discuss":[157],"future":[159],"directions":[160],"challenges":[162],"RIS-empowered":[164],"networks,":[166],"offering":[167],"futuristic":[168],"visions":[169],"upcoming":[172],"era.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
