{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417248840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2500328","title":"Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Quantum Internet Modeling: Concepts, Implementation, and Future Directions","display_name":"Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Quantum Internet Modeling: Concepts, Implementation, and Future Directions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417248840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2500328"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2500328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2500328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030674691","display_name":"Abdulmohsen Alsaui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-5680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmohsen Alsaui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial University,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023946416","display_name":"Sunish Kumar Orappanpara Soman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1010-364X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunish Kumar Orappanpara Soman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial University,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068768566","display_name":"B. D. E. McNiven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-1419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley D. E. McNiven","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial University,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007557286","display_name":"Hyundong Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-8084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyundong Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial University,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18821053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"1","first_page":"237","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.43160000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.43160000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.17520000040531158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.08879999816417694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-decoherence","display_name":"Quantum decoherence","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4945000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnectivity","display_name":"Interconnectivity","score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/master-equation","display_name":"Master equation","score":0.35179999470710754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7728000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122527463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578430","display_name":"Quantum decoherence","level":3,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4945000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25516864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnectivity","level":2,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128805008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722878","display_name":"Master equation","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91717678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135332","display_name":"Quantum teleportation","level":5,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93779851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271977","display_name":"Partial differential equation","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2500328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2500328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144144709","https://openalex.org/W2809758258","https://openalex.org/W2896792097","https://openalex.org/W2899283552","https://openalex.org/W2952169450","https://openalex.org/W2959720248","https://openalex.org/W3173052720","https://openalex.org/W4313120958","https://openalex.org/W4320018468","https://openalex.org/W4383899686","https://openalex.org/W4402776192","https://openalex.org/W4408017500","https://openalex.org/W4408612646","https://openalex.org/W4409126690"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31],"classical":[1,29],"Internet":[2,33],"faces":[3],"increasing":[4],"limitations":[5],"as":[6,198],"data":[7],"generation":[8],"and":[9,55,59,69,159],"device":[10],"interconnectivity":[11],"expand":[12],"at":[13],"unprecedented":[14],"rates.":[15],"In":[16,103],"recent":[17],"years,":[18],"this":[19,104],"has":[20],"highlighted":[21],"the":[22,86,100,120,128,133,140,147,177,204,221],"need":[23],"for":[24,46,66,168,202,219],"communication":[25,41],"frameworks":[26],"that":[27,111,176,194],"surpass":[28],"limitations.":[30],"quantum":[32,40,53,81,124,208],"(QI),":[34],"composed":[35],"of":[36,39,62,122,142,151,206],"multiple":[37],"layers":[38],"networks":[42],"(QCNs),":[43],"holds":[44],"promise":[45],"remarkable":[47],"capabilities":[48],"in":[49],"secure":[50],"transmission,":[51],"distributed":[52],"computing,":[54],"quantum-enhanced":[56],"sensing.":[57],"Accurate":[58],"scalable":[60],"modeling":[61,95],"QCNs":[63],"is":[64,90,164],"essential":[65],"designing,":[67],"analyzing,":[68],"optimizing":[70],"QI":[71,170],"protocols":[72],"under":[73,83,156],"realistic":[74],"physical":[75],"conditions.":[76],"To":[77],"model":[78,119],"such":[79],"open":[80,123],"systems":[82],"Markovian":[84],"noise,":[85,162],"Lindblad":[87,129],"master":[88],"equation":[89,185],"widely":[91],"used,":[92],"but":[93],"its":[94],"complexity":[96],"grows":[97],"exponentially":[98],"with":[99,181],"system":[101],"size.":[102],"work,":[105],"we":[106,212],"introduce":[107],"a":[108,113,152,165],"learned":[109],"approach":[110,201],"utilizes":[112],"physics-informed":[114],"neural":[115,134],"network":[116],"(PINN)":[117],"to":[118,223],"dynamics":[121],"systems,":[125],"which":[126,163],"embeds":[127],"formalism":[130],"directly":[131],"into":[132],"network's":[135],"loss":[136],"function.":[137],"We":[138],"demonstrate":[139],"effectiveness":[141],"our":[143],"method":[144],"by":[145,214],"simulating":[146],"entanglement":[148],"fidelity":[149],"decay":[150],"two-qubit":[153],"Bell":[154],"state":[155],"energy":[157],"damping":[158],"phase":[160],"decoherence":[161],"relevant":[166],"scenario":[167],"entanglement-based":[169],"protocols.":[171],"Preliminary":[172],"numerical":[173],"results":[174],"show":[175],"PINN-based":[178],"solver":[179],"aligns":[180],"conventional":[182],"partial":[183],"differential":[184],"techniques":[186],"while":[187],"offering":[188],"improved":[189],"scalability.":[190],"These":[191],"findings":[192],"suggest":[193],"PINNs":[195],"could":[196],"serve":[197],"an":[199],"efficient":[200],"accelerating":[203],"analysis":[205],"future":[207,217],"networking":[209],"solutions.":[210],"Finally,":[211],"conclude":[213],"outlining":[215],"key":[216],"directions":[218],"scaling":[220],"framework":[222],"support":[224],"QCN-level":[225],"optimization.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-11T00:00:00"}
