{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406089648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2400342","title":"Synergistic Interplay of Large Language Model and Digital Twin for Autonomous Optical Networks: Field Demonstrations","display_name":"Synergistic Interplay of Large Language Model and Digital Twin for Autonomous Optical Networks: Field Demonstrations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406089648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2400342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2400342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2400342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022259494","display_name":"Yuchen Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-4964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101970827","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9221-379X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anni Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anni Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035362556","display_name":"Yan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-5862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Unicom Research Institute,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Unicom Research Institute,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064236193","display_name":"Shikui Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shikui Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Unicom Research Institute,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Unicom Research Institute,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003473167","display_name":"Xiongyan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2151-2679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiongyan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Unicom Research Institute,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Unicom Research Institute,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686681","display_name":"Jin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-110X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402862","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-6561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045225481","display_name":"Danshi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-4013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danshi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022259494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.3334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99521736,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"6","first_page":"90","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.8586000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.8586000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.7609999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14420","display_name":"Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.7246999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8422026038169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6315934062004089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3371521830558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3272946774959564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8422026038169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6315934062004089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3371521830558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3272946774959564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2400342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2400342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3029906095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952573404","https://openalex.org/W2964101383","https://openalex.org/W2979786244","https://openalex.org/W4312623747","https://openalex.org/W4361289889","https://openalex.org/W4362604592","https://openalex.org/W4382246105","https://openalex.org/W4384157896","https://openalex.org/W4388709701","https://openalex.org/W4393174829","https://openalex.org/W4396897829","https://openalex.org/W4396941306","https://openalex.org/W4401353599","https://openalex.org/W6809646742","https://openalex.org/W6866531946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,148],"development":[1],"of":[2,18,24,59,71,104,146],"large":[3],"language":[4,47],"models":[5],"(LLM)":[6],"has":[7],"revolutionized":[8],"various":[9],"fields,":[10],"and":[11,99,153,189],"is":[12,42,88,159],"anticipated":[13],"to":[14,90,122,140],"drive":[15],"the":[16,22,34,56,102,124,133,141],"advancement":[17],"autonomous":[19,25,92,156],"systems.":[20],"In":[21,79],"context":[23],"optical":[26,60,63,93,105,157],"networks,":[27],"creating":[28],"a":[29,38,82,184,196],"high-level":[30],"cognitive":[31],"agent":[32],"in":[33,54,132,169,183,195],"control":[35],"layer":[36],"remains":[37],"challenge.":[39],"However,":[40],"LLM":[41,75,86,128,142,154],"primarily":[43],"developed":[44],"for":[45,118,143,155,180],"natural":[46],"processing":[48],"tasks,":[49],"rendering":[50],"them":[51],"less":[52],"effective":[53],"predicting":[55],"physical":[57,111],"dynamics":[58],"communications.":[61],"Moreover,":[62],"networks":[64,106,158],"demand":[65],"rigorous":[66],"stability,":[67],"where":[68],"direct":[69],"deployment":[70],"strategies":[72,126],"generated":[73,125],"from":[74,127],"poses":[76],"safety":[77],"concerns.":[78],"this":[80],"article,":[81],"digital":[83],"twin":[84],"(DT)-enhanced":[85],"scheme":[87],"proposed":[89],"facilitate":[91],"networks.":[94],"By":[95],"leveraging":[96],"monitoring":[97],"data":[98],"advanced":[100],"models,":[101],"DT":[103,134,152],"can":[107,129],"accurately":[108],"characterize":[109],"their":[110],"dynamics,":[112],"furnishing":[113],"LLMs":[114],"with":[115],"dynamic-updated":[116],"information":[117],"reliable":[119],"decision-making.":[120],"Prior":[121],"deployment,":[123],"be":[130],"pre-verified":[131],"platform,":[135],"which":[136],"also":[137],"provides":[138],"feedback":[139],"further":[144],"refinement":[145],"strategies.":[147],"synergistic":[149],"interplay":[150],"between":[151],"demonstrated":[160],"through":[161],"three":[162],"scenarios:":[163],"performance":[164,190],"optimization":[165],"under":[166],"dynamic":[167],"loadings":[168],"an":[170],"experimental":[171],"<tex":[172,198],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[173,199],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathrm{C}+\\mathrm{L}$</tex>-band":[174,200],"long-haul":[175],"transmission":[176,201],"link,":[177],"protection":[178],"switching":[179],"device":[181],"upgrading":[182],"field-deployed":[185,197],"six-node":[186],"mesh":[187],"network,":[188],"recovery":[191],"after":[192],"fiber":[193],"cuts":[194],"link.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}