{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321019267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2200533","title":"Federated-Learning-Empowered Semi-Supervised Active Learning Framework for Intrusion Detection in ZSM","display_name":"Federated-Learning-Empowered Semi-Supervised Active Learning Framework for Intrusion Detection in ZSM","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321019267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2200533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2200533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2200533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013621140","display_name":"Faisal Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-9954"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Naeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Qu&#x00E9;bec,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Qu&#x00E9;bec,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111849529","display_name":"Mansoor Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansoor Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Qu&#x00E9;bec,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Qu&#x00E9;bec,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032243366","display_name":"Georges Kaddoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges Kaddoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Qu&#x00E9;bec,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Qu&#x00E9;bec,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97741336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"2","first_page":"88","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9018930196762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5989471077919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.4861454665660858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.4741515517234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4529789686203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4416687786579132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4274233281612396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4195571541786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4194273352622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4157960116863251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38129425048828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3259759545326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3214169442653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.20570337772369385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9018930196762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5989471077919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.4861454665660858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4741515517234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4529789686203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4416687786579132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4274233281612396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4195571541786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4194273352622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4157960116863251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38129425048828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3259759545326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3214169442653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.20570337772369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2200533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2200533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:26331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/26331/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3034995119","https://openalex.org/W3080555168","https://openalex.org/W3113308842","https://openalex.org/W3115276087","https://openalex.org/W3131438039","https://openalex.org/W3164321464","https://openalex.org/W3170348203","https://openalex.org/W3183602784","https://openalex.org/W3208863159","https://openalex.org/W4220810976","https://openalex.org/W4225747846","https://openalex.org/W4226096557","https://openalex.org/W4284959321","https://openalex.org/W4285218402","https://openalex.org/W6803294572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148060700","https://openalex.org/W2794908468","https://openalex.org/W2531570999","https://openalex.org/W2553312496","https://openalex.org/W2042184006","https://openalex.org/W4319302697","https://openalex.org/W2921630034","https://openalex.org/W4390062853","https://openalex.org/W4310801741","https://openalex.org/W4317542939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exponential":[0],"growth":[1],"of":[2,18,107,119,195,221],"novel":[3,172],"radical":[4],"applications":[5],"and":[6,30,39,51,61,101,123,146,159,210,231,244],"services":[7],"in":[8,65,162],"sixth-generation":[9],"(6G)":[10],"networks":[11],"is":[12,42,78,92,99,150],"expected":[13],"to":[14,48,57,80,88,113,154],"increase":[15],"the":[16,26,58,70,102,114,120,134,144,155,163,182,203,212,227],"complexity":[17],"managing":[19],"existing":[20,121],"network":[21,29,53],"infrastructures.":[22],"In":[23,166],"this":[24,167],"context,":[25],"zero":[27],"touch":[28],"service":[31],"management":[32],"(ZSM)":[33],"paradigm,":[34],"which":[35,149],"leverages":[36,211],"AI,":[37],"SDN,":[38],"NFV":[40],"techniques,":[41],"seen":[43],"as":[44],"a":[45,66,171,192,216],"promising":[46],"solution":[47,87],"automatically":[49],"manage":[50],"orchestrate":[52],"resources.":[54],"However,":[55,117],"due":[56,153],"closed-loop":[59],"operation":[60],"automated":[62],"end-to-end":[63],"framework":[64,180],"distributed":[67,97,233],"6G":[68,164],"network,":[69],"ZSM":[71],"architecture,":[72],"along":[73,186],"with":[74,187,252],"its":[75],"potential":[76],"benefits,":[77],"exposed":[79],"various":[81],"security":[82,178],"threats.":[83],"A":[84],"recently":[85],"proposed":[86],"address":[89],"privacy":[90,160],"concerns":[91],"federated":[93],"learning":[94,125,176,201],"(FL),":[95],"whereby":[96],"training":[98],"performed,":[100],"aggregated":[103],"model":[104],"parameters,":[105],"instead":[106],"clients'":[108],"raw":[109],"data,":[110],"are":[111,131,140],"forwarded":[112],"global":[115],"server.":[116],"most":[118,204],"FL":[122],"semi-supervised":[124,174,217],"(SSL)":[126],"models":[127],"for":[128,181,207],"intrusion":[129,241],"detection":[130,242],"based":[132],"on":[133,226],"assumption":[135],"that":[136,237],"fully":[137],"labeled":[138,196,254],"data":[139,208,214],"always":[141],"available":[142],"at":[143],"server":[145],"client":[147],"sides,":[148],"not":[151,229],"practical":[152],"high":[156],"labeling":[157],"costs":[158],"constraints":[161],"network.":[165],"article,":[168],"we":[169],"propose":[170],"FL-empowered":[173],"active":[175,200],"(FL-SSAL)":[177],"orchestration":[179],"Label-at-Client":[183],"scenario":[184],"where,":[185],"unlabeled":[188,213],"samples,":[189],"clients":[190],"have":[191],"small":[193],"portion":[194],"data.":[197,255],"The":[198,219],"entropy-based":[199],"selects":[202],"informative":[205],"samples":[206],"annotation":[209],"using":[215],"approach.":[218],"results":[220],"our":[222],"experimental":[223],"evaluations":[224],"performed":[225],"private,":[228],"independent":[230],"identically":[232],"(non-IID)":[234],"dataset":[235],"demonstrate":[236],"FL-SSAL":[238],"achieves":[239],"higher":[240],"accuracy":[243],"has":[245],"less":[246,253],"communication":[247],"overhead":[248],"than":[249],"baseline":[250],"schemes":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
