{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283022838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2100810","title":"Situational Awareness for Autonomous Ships in the Arctic: mMTC Direct-to-Satellite Connectivity","display_name":"Situational Awareness for Autonomous Ships in the Arctic: mMTC Direct-to-Satellite Connectivity","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283022838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2100810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2100810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2100810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101735265","display_name":"Muhammad Asad Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Asad Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu,Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040664534","display_name":"Anastasia Yastrebova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-8204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasia Yastrebova","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,Finland","VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091143974","display_name":"Konstantin Mikhaylov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-6629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Mikhaylov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu,Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001524638","display_name":"Marko H\u00f6yhty\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9088-1566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Hoyhtya","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,Finland","VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040878028","display_name":"Hirley Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-5313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirley Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu,Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91104309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"6","first_page":"32","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.9287301301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.735560953617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.5187380909919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5028950572013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.4585675001144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.42321357131004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transit","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","score":0.41848036646842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.4157432019710541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.33374685049057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3184872269630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19946390390396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.19509640336036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.13392621278762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10183095932006836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.9287301301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.735560953617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.5187380909919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5028950572013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.4585675001144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.42321357131004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651136","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","level":3,"score":0.41848036646842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4157432019710541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.33374685049057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3184872269630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19946390390396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.19509640336036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.13392621278762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10183095932006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2100810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2100810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2022082255936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2022082255936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019916327","https://openalex.org/W2774545942","https://openalex.org/W2883922087","https://openalex.org/W2947827092","https://openalex.org/W2975742090","https://openalex.org/W3046990722","https://openalex.org/W3199881787","https://openalex.org/W3201561247","https://openalex.org/W4206843821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888892063","https://openalex.org/W2740439328","https://openalex.org/W3088070213","https://openalex.org/W2901309327","https://openalex.org/W3125356464","https://openalex.org/W2923934659","https://openalex.org/W2979151211","https://openalex.org/W2952763095","https://openalex.org/W2903243522","https://openalex.org/W3030891736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"maritime":[1],"autonomous":[2],"surface":[3],"ship":[4],"(MASS)":[5],"promises":[6],"a":[7,66,72],"revolution":[8],"in":[9],"naval":[10],"logistics":[11],"by":[12],"offering":[13],"sustainability,":[14],"safety,":[15],"and":[16,27,33,43,48,78,96,106,111,116,128,132,144,158,177],"operational":[17],"costs":[18],"reduction.":[19],"MASS":[21],"can":[22],"bring":[23],"to":[24,38,46],"the":[25,50,82,87,108,133,140,146,151,155,169,182],"Arctic":[26],"other":[28,59],"hard-to-reach":[29],"regions":[30],"numerous":[31],"social":[32],"economic":[34],"benefits,":[35],"thus":[36],"contributing":[37],"equalizing":[39],"access":[40],"for":[41,154],"human":[42],"machine":[44],"terminals":[45],"connectivity,":[47],"equate":[49],"life":[51],"quality":[52],"of":[53,58,89,113,126,171,173,184],"their":[54],"inhabitants":[55],"with":[56],"that":[57,70],"regions.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62,104],"article,":[63],"we":[64,85,119],"suggest":[65],"hybrid":[67],"communication":[68,94],"architecture":[69],"separates":[71],"ship's":[73],"data":[74],"traffic":[75,130],"into":[76],"awareness":[77],"emergency":[79],"components.":[80],"For":[81],"former":[83],"traffic,":[84],"advocate":[86],"possibility":[88],"direct-to-satellite":[90],"using":[91],"massive":[92],"machine-type":[93],"(mMTC)":[95],"low-power":[97],"wide-area":[98],"network":[99],"(LPWAN)":[100],"technologies.":[101],"To":[102],"validate":[103],"hypothesis":[105],"investigate":[107],"potential":[109],"performance":[110,153],"effect":[112],"different":[114,147],"design":[115],"configuration":[117],"parameters,":[118],"conduct":[120],"simulations":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123,150],"real-life":[124],"positions":[125],"ships":[127],"satellites,":[129],"patterns,":[131],"LoRaWAN":[134,174],"connectivity":[135,152],"model.":[136],"Our":[137],"results":[138],"demonstrate":[139],"suggested":[141],"approach's":[142],"feasibility":[143],"clarify":[145],"parameters'":[148],"effects":[149],"classical":[156],"LoRa":[157],"novel":[159],"long-range":[160],"frequency":[161],"hopping":[162],"spread":[163],"spectrum":[164],"modulation":[165],"coding":[166],"schemes.":[167],"Notably,":[168],"combination":[170],"multi-connectivity":[172],"LPWAN":[175],"technology":[176],"multi-satellite":[178],"visibility":[179],"dramatically":[180],"boosts":[181],"probability":[183],"packet":[185],"delivery.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}