{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082126032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2000307","title":"Airborne Beyond Line-of-Sight Communication Networks","display_name":"Airborne Beyond Line-of-Sight Communication Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082126032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2000307","mag":"3082126032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2000307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2000307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109903423","display_name":"Michael A. Rupar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598358","display_name":"United States Navy","ror":"https://ror.org/03cs53d16","country_code":null,"type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I4399598358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Rupar","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Naval Research Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I4399598358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023575516","display_name":"Erlend Larsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163244428","display_name":"Norwegian Defence Research Establishment","ror":"https://ror.org/0098gnz32","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erlend Larsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Defence Res. Establ. (FFI) in Kjeller, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Defence Res. Establ. (FFI) in Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046646074","display_name":"H. Sa\u011flam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-8262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147190","display_name":"Turkish Aerospace Industries (Turkey)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jjbp459","country_code":"TR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147190"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Bugra Saglam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mission & Combat Syst. of Turkish Aerosp. in Ankara, Ankara, Turkey","[Mission and Combat Systems of Turkish Aerospace in Ankara, Ankara, Turkey]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mission & Combat Syst. of Turkish Aerosp. in Ankara, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Mission and Combat Systems of Turkish Aerospace in Ankara, Ankara, Turkey]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059995769","display_name":"Julian A. Savin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339065421","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04jswqb94","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306956679","https://openalex.org/I1339065421","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian A. Savin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber & Inf. Syst. of Defence Sci. & Technol. Lab. in the United Kindom, UK","Cyber & Information Systems of Defence Science and Technology Laboratory in the United Kindom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber & Inf. Syst. of Defence Sci. & Technol. Lab. in the United Kindom, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber & Information Systems of Defence Science and Technology Laboratory in the United Kindom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339065421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090922358","display_name":"Berk Gurdil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56303344","display_name":"Aselsan (Turkey)","ror":"https://ror.org/04knh8e66","country_code":"TR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56303344"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berk Gurdil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Roketsan Missiles Inc. in Ankara, Ankara, Turkey","[Roketsan Missiles Inc. in Ankara, Ankara, Turkey]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roketsan Missiles Inc. in Ankara, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56303344"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Roketsan Missiles Inc. in Ankara, Ankara, Turkey]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56303344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016477675","display_name":"Thorsten A. Lampe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123028","display_name":"Thales (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/031xjr712","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123028","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten A. Lampe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secure Commun. & Inf. of Thales in Ditzingen, Ditzingen, Germany","[Secure Communications & Information of Thales in Ditzingen, Ditzingen, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secure Commun. & Inf. of Thales in Ditzingen, Ditzingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Secure Communications & Information of Thales in Ditzingen, Ditzingen, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027227528","display_name":"Nadine Bruck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166245","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics","ror":"https://ror.org/05nn0gw40","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadine Bruck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commun. Syst. of Fraunhofer FKIE in Bonn, Bonn, Germany","[Communication Systems of Fraunhofer FKIE in Bonn, Bonn, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Syst. of Fraunhofer FKIE in Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Communication Systems of Fraunhofer FKIE in Bonn, Bonn, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000351270","display_name":"Sami Peltotalo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801260548","display_name":"Finnish Defence Forces","ror":"https://ror.org/04avm2781","country_code":"FI","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801260548"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Peltotalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inf. Technol. Div., Finnish Defence Res. Agency in Riihimaki, Riihimaki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inf. Technol. Div., Finnish Defence Res. Agency in Riihimaki, Riihimaki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801260548"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063524684","display_name":"Ruben Bascunana Blasco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162732","display_name":"Airbus (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/0509tgg56","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210162732"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Bascunana Blasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus Defence & Space in Madrid, Madrid, Spain","[Airbus Defence & Space in Madrid, Madrid, Spain]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus Defence & Space in Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Airbus Defence & Space in Madrid, Madrid, Spain]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109903423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I4399598358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97560067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"8","first_page":"34","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8597448468208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7146031260490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6836975812911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battlefield","display_name":"Battlefield","score":0.6821067929267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.6157528162002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.4767894744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4418235421180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42614948749542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4233935475349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3634421229362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18735343217849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.161088764667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1222168505191803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8597448468208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7146031260490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6836975812911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.6821067929267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.6157528162002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.4767894744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4418235421180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42614948749542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4233935475349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3634421229362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18735343217849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.161088764667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1222168505191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2000307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2000307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-615028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-615028.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FKIE","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/265771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/265771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995408403","https://openalex.org/W2070449754","https://openalex.org/W2124221298","https://openalex.org/W2203995657","https://openalex.org/W2907844619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742601401","https://openalex.org/W2393856948","https://openalex.org/W1676675615","https://openalex.org/W2132191596","https://openalex.org/W4352981712","https://openalex.org/W103922834","https://openalex.org/W3041923642","https://openalex.org/W3196749285","https://openalex.org/W3177989248","https://openalex.org/W2148881695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"information":[1],"technology":[2],"advances,":[3],"the":[4,10,29,76,110],"need":[5],"for":[6,49],"distributed":[7],"communications":[8,23,87],"on":[9],"battlefield":[11,57],"continues":[12],"to":[13,34,64,84,106],"grow.":[14],"Moreover,":[15],"NATO":[16,38,77],"activities":[17],"are":[18,104],"multi-nation":[19],"engagements,":[20],"and":[21,27,46,67,72,80,100],"necessitate":[22],"between":[24,55,94],"member":[25,78,95],"countries":[26],"from":[28],"theater":[30],"of":[31,92],"operations":[32],"back":[33],"command":[35],"centers.":[36],"The":[37,59],"IST-172":[39],"research":[40],"task":[41],"group":[42],"is":[43,69],"investigating":[44],"non-satellite":[45],"non-high-frequency":[47],"methodologies":[48],"beyond":[50],"line-of-sight":[51],"communications,":[52],"creating":[53],"links":[54],"disparate":[56],"nodes.":[58],"study,":[60],"which":[61],"has":[62],"yet":[63],"have":[65],"conclusions":[66],"recommendations,":[68],"examining":[70],"existing":[71,101],"emerging":[73],"capabilities":[74],"within":[75],"nations,":[79,96],"considering":[81],"their":[82],"applicability":[83],"six":[85],"representative":[86],"scenarios.":[88],"Link":[89],"budgets,":[90],"ease":[91],"interoperability":[93],"frequency":[97],"coordination":[98],"considerations":[99],"radio":[102],"hardware":[103],"all":[105],"be":[107],"included":[108],"in":[109],"analysis.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}