{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035633174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900756","title":"A Techno-Economic Study of Optical Network Disaggregation Employing Open Source Software Business Models for Metropolitan Area Networks","display_name":"A Techno-Economic Study of Optical Network Disaggregation Employing Open Source Software Business Models for Metropolitan Area Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035633174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900756","mag":"3035633174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/31978","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078042281","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-4308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137543953","display_name":"Telecom Italia (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmwgm53","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134591","display_name":"Telefonica Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03qgzzb04","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097190","https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Alberto Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom Italia (TIM), Torino, Italy","Dept. Ing. Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain,","de Dios are with Telefonica I+D, Madrid, Spain","Centre Tecnol\u00f3gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, CTTC/CERCA, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom Italia (TIM), Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Ing. Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"de Dios are with Telefonica I+D, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f3gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, CTTC/CERCA, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025272869","display_name":"Marco Quagliotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137543953","display_name":"Telecom Italia (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmwgm53","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Quagliotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom Italia (TIM)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom Italia (TIM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084412109","display_name":"Emilio Riccardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-1982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137543953","display_name":"Telecom Italia (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmwgm53","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Riccardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom Italia (TIM)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom Italia (TIM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101884331","display_name":"V\u0131\u0301ctor L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-3314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137543953","display_name":"Telecom Italia (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmwgm53","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134591","display_name":"Telefonica Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03qgzzb04","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097190","https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["de Dios are with Telefonica I+D, Madrid, Spain","Dept. Ing. Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain,","Telecom Italia (TIM), Torino, Italy","Centre Tecnol\u00f3gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, CTTC/CERCA, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"de Dios are with Telefonica I+D, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Ing. Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom Italia (TIM), Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f3gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, CTTC/CERCA, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041287258","display_name":"\u00d3scar Gonz\u00e1lez de Dios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-0807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137543953","display_name":"Telecom Italia (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmwgm53","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134591","display_name":"Telefonica Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03qgzzb04","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097190","https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Gonzalez de Dios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom Italia (TIM), Torino, Italy","Dept. Ing. Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain,","de Dios are with Telefonica I+D, Madrid, Spain","Centre Tecnol\u00f3gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, CTTC/CERCA, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom Italia (TIM), Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137543953"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Ing. Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"de Dios are with Telefonica I+D, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f3gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, CTTC/CERCA, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009420716","display_name":"Ramon Casellas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramon Casellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f3gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f3gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77314196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"5","first_page":"40","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7583140134811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6004869341850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5497406721115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vendor","display_name":"Vendor","score":0.5433883666992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5430038571357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4736776649951935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-area","display_name":"Metropolitan area","score":0.41700273752212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3943633437156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.391006201505661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15005937218666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7583140134811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6004869341850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5497406721115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.5433883666992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5430038571357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4736776649951935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.41700273752212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3943633437156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.391006201505661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15005937218666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::88f88ec5b146d4e29d17f8a3885c86e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/31978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3989943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3989943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine 58(5) 40-46","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::88f88ec5b146d4e29d17f8a3885c86e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/31978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603420404","https://openalex.org/W2013678258","https://openalex.org/W2060204338","https://openalex.org/W2347101856","https://openalex.org/W2626353086","https://openalex.org/W2771320536","https://openalex.org/W2772327068","https://openalex.org/W2792420091","https://openalex.org/W2799370488","https://openalex.org/W2811152065","https://openalex.org/W2985326423","https://openalex.org/W2992388919","https://openalex.org/W2994179164","https://openalex.org/W4312920248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212929323","https://openalex.org/W2045046253","https://openalex.org/W2000995042","https://openalex.org/W2494740635","https://openalex.org/W1632599465","https://openalex.org/W3177269507","https://openalex.org/W1563545158","https://openalex.org/W2091545482","https://openalex.org/W2379499532","https://openalex.org/W2115206115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3],"techno-economic":[4],"evaluation":[5],"of":[6,13],"optical":[7,21,32],"disaggregation":[8,22],"architectures":[9],"in":[10,43],"the":[11,28,56],"context":[12],"metropolitan":[14],"area":[15],"networks.":[16],"The":[17],"study":[18],"compares":[19],"two":[20],"options":[23],"(partial":[24],"vs.":[25],"total)":[26],"against":[27],"legacy":[29],"benchmark":[30],"where":[31],"equipment":[33],"is":[34,41],"subject":[35],"to":[36,80],"vendor":[37],"lock-in,":[38],"as":[39],"it":[40],"deployed":[42],"most":[44],"networks":[45],"today.":[46],"We":[47],"show":[48],"that":[49],"emerging":[50],"open":[51],"source":[52],"software":[53],"projects":[54],"within":[55],"software-defined":[57],"networking":[58],"ecosystem":[59],"can":[60,74],"potentially":[61],"yield":[62],"significant":[63],"cost":[64],"savings":[65],"for":[66],"medium-":[67],"and":[68,78,83],"large-size":[69],"network":[70,81],"operators,":[71],"while":[72],"they":[73],"introduce":[75],"extra":[76],"flexibility":[77],"agility":[79],"operations":[82],"service":[84],"deployments.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-06-19T00:00:00"}