{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034920226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900683","title":"Data Converter Interleaving: Current Trends and Future Perspectives","display_name":"Data Converter Interleaving: Current Trends and Future Perspectives","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034920226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900683","mag":"3034920226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085298754","display_name":"Christian Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-4475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015411968","display_name":"Hiroshi Yamazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9434-2957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Yamazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Network Innovation Laboratories, NTT Device Technology Laboratories"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Network Innovation Laboratories, NTT Device Technology Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017154080","display_name":"G. Raybon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Raybon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014120779","display_name":"Peter Schvan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295297804","display_name":"Ciena (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05w425588","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295297804"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Schvan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ciena Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ciena Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295297804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064517424","display_name":"Erwan Pincemin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-2457"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erwan Pincemin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Labs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063555231","display_name":"S. J. Ben Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-1871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. J. Ben Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074088707","display_name":"Daniel J. Blumenthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-7220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Blumenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010318820","display_name":"Takayuki Mizuno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-2707"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayuki Mizuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Network Innovation Laboratories"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Network Innovation Laboratories","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056941260","display_name":"Robert Elschner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-4546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Elschner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085298754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9017389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"5","first_page":"19","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.8245790004730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7670987844467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7268601655960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleaving","display_name":"Interleaving","score":0.6632062196731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-conversion","display_name":"Data conversion","score":0.6074209809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.6052101850509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5944528579711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5301452875137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4160520136356354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.4144021272659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.307392954826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2510632276535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2450837790966034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15802454948425293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.8245790004730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7670987844467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7268601655960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28034677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092530","display_name":"Interleaving","level":2,"score":0.6632062196731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1232282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783551","display_name":"Data conversion","level":2,"score":0.6074209809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.6052101850509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5944528579711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5301452875137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4160520136356354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.4144021272659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.307392954826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2510632276535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2450837790966034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15802454948425293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-596438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-596438.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer HHI","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/263448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/263448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107065089","https://openalex.org/W2129940694","https://openalex.org/W2534820368","https://openalex.org/W2586950312","https://openalex.org/W2768270699","https://openalex.org/W2790362610","https://openalex.org/W2793812638","https://openalex.org/W2886178236","https://openalex.org/W2905239385","https://openalex.org/W2911994174","https://openalex.org/W2927125650","https://openalex.org/W4253985021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520281879","https://openalex.org/W2136659592","https://openalex.org/W2115569193","https://openalex.org/W2161127017","https://openalex.org/W3130352543","https://openalex.org/W2104078304","https://openalex.org/W1852269395","https://openalex.org/W4229878817","https://openalex.org/W1586097137","https://openalex.org/W1640957184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"generations":[1],"of":[2,53,124,128,164],"optical":[3,7,149],"networks":[4,131],"will":[5],"require":[6],"interfaces":[8],"that":[9,40],"operate":[10],"beyond":[11,99],"1":[12],"Tb/s":[13],"to":[14,69,96,192],"keep":[15],"up":[16],"with":[17,46],"the":[18,37,70,100,113,125,133,146,161,176,181,195],"exploding":[19],"worldwide":[20],"Internet":[21],"data":[22,25,59,73,85,90,118,138,141],"capacity.":[23],"The":[24,50],"converters,":[26],"digital-":[27],"to-analog":[28],"converter":[29,33,86,142],"(DAC)":[30],"and":[31,120,132,148,153,168,178,185,198],"analog-to-digital":[32],"(ADC),":[34],"significantly":[35],"define":[36],"signal":[38],"bandwidth":[39,82],"can":[41],"be":[42],"transmitted":[43],"or":[44,190],"received":[45],"an":[47,93,122,156],"electro-optic":[48],"transceiver.":[49],"foreseen":[51],"improvements":[52],"complementary":[54],"metal":[55],"oxide":[56],"semiconductor":[57],"(CMOS)":[58],"converters":[60,119],"in":[61,144,180],"upcoming":[62],"CMOS":[63,106],"technology":[64],"nodes":[65],"do":[66],"not":[67],"scale":[68],"expected":[71],"interface":[72],"rates":[74],"for":[75,116],"future":[76,117,162],"communications":[77],"systems.":[78],"To":[79,188],"address":[80],"this":[81,109],"requirement,":[83],"parallel":[84],"architectures":[87],"(i.e.,":[88],"interleaved":[89],"converters)":[91],"are":[92,151],"intriguing":[94],"solution":[95],"enable":[97],"performance":[98,114],"limits":[101,134],"imposed":[102,135],"by":[103,136],"continuing":[104],"traditional":[105],"approaches.":[107],"In":[108],"article,":[110],"we":[111],"discuss":[112],"requirements":[115],"provide":[121],"overview":[123],"projected":[126],"evolution":[127],"fiber":[129],"optic":[130],"CMOS-only":[137],"converters.":[139],"Interleaved":[140],"architectures,":[143],"both":[145],"electrical":[147],"domains,":[150],"described":[152],"discussed.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"outlook":[157],"is":[158,173],"given":[159],"on":[160,175],"development":[163],"next":[165],"generation":[166],"DAC":[167],"ADC":[169],"architectures.":[170],"This":[171],"article":[172],"based":[174],"presentations":[177],"discussions":[179],"workshop":[182],"\"Super":[183],"DACs":[184],"ADCs":[186],"--":[187],"Interleave":[189],"Not":[191],"Interleave\"":[193],"at":[194],"Optical":[196],"Networking":[197],"Communication":[199],"Conference":[200],"2019.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}