{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005833785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900612","title":"Disaggregated Data Centers: Challenges and Trade-offs","display_name":"Disaggregated Data Centers: Challenges and Trade-offs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005833785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900612","mag":"3005833785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244839","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017137228","display_name":"Rui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8416-2335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048081781","display_name":"Yuxin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9882-8153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799509149","display_name":"Khyber Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnzxv25","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799509149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799509149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083991092","display_name":"Marilet De Andrade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9711-9600"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marilet De Andrade","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050625327","display_name":"Lena Wosinska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-6554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena Wosinska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401002","display_name":"Jiajia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-9048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017137228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98843017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"2","first_page":"20","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7949391603469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5693745613098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5684815645217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.5441817045211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.48181310296058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4582066535949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4427652060985565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4264869689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38025787472724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32424986362457275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7949391603469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5693745613098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5684815645217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.5441817045211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.48181310296058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4582066535949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4427652060985565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4264869689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38025787472724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32424986362457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kth-244839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Manuscript (preprint)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:515994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/515994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kth-244839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Manuscript (preprint)"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1652188120","https://openalex.org/W2151668565","https://openalex.org/W2328469631","https://openalex.org/W2329965865","https://openalex.org/W2485382745","https://openalex.org/W2577489668","https://openalex.org/W2592733461","https://openalex.org/W2800044535","https://openalex.org/W2800865876","https://openalex.org/W2802089068","https://openalex.org/W2901525004","https://openalex.org/W2907511603","https://openalex.org/W2964145431","https://openalex.org/W6732398259","https://openalex.org/W6750608193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236696095","https://openalex.org/W3143779693","https://openalex.org/W2626808643","https://openalex.org/W3103727510","https://openalex.org/W2082398983","https://openalex.org/W4293054118","https://openalex.org/W2348021072","https://openalex.org/W1508207170","https://openalex.org/W2479866044","https://openalex.org/W4282972749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disaggregated":[0],"data":[1],"centers":[2],"(DCs)":[3],"can":[4,15],"offer":[5],"high":[6,58],"flexibility":[7],"for":[8,44,68,105,155,161],"resource":[9,13,87,134,139],"allocation;":[10],"hence,":[11],"their":[12,124],"utilization":[14,140],"be":[16],"significantly":[17],"improved.":[18],"However,":[19,143],"communications":[20,166],"between":[21,28],"different":[22,84],"types":[23],"of":[24,41,77,86,123,172],"resources,":[25],"in":[26,32,39,126,141,164],"particular":[27],"CPU":[29],"and":[30,47,60,115,118,121],"memory,":[31],"fully":[33,78,92,156,168,173],"disaggregated":[34,79,93,128,157,174],"DCs":[35],"face":[36],"severe":[37],"problems":[38],"terms":[40],"stringent":[42],"requirements":[43,76],"ultra-low":[45],"latency":[46],"ultra-high":[48],"transmission":[49,114],"bandwidth.":[50],"Optical":[51],"fiber":[52],"communication":[53],"is":[54,65,151],"promising":[55],"to":[56,73,167],"provide":[57],"capacity":[59],"low":[61],"latency,":[62],"but":[63],"it":[64],"still":[66],"challenging":[67],"the":[69,75,106,111,127,138,144,148,170],"state-of-the-art":[70,112,149],"optical":[71,101,113,165],"technologies":[72,150],"meet":[74],"DCs.":[80,129,142,158,175],"In":[81],"this":[82],"article,":[83],"levels":[85],"disaggregation":[88,135],"are":[89,98,103],"investigated.":[90],"For":[91],"DCs,":[94],"two":[95],"architectural":[96],"options":[97],"presented,":[99],"where":[100],"interconnects":[102],"necessary":[104],"CPU-memory":[107],"communications.":[108],"We":[109],"review":[110],"switching":[116],"technologies,":[117],"analyze":[119],"pros":[120],"cons":[122],"applicability":[125],"The":[130],"results":[131],"reveal":[132],"that":[133],"does":[136],"improve":[137],"bandwidth":[145],"provided":[146],"by":[147],"not":[152],"always":[153],"sufficient":[154],"It":[159],"calls":[160],"further":[162],"advances":[163],"utilize":[169],"advantages":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}