{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034486538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900594","title":"OL4EL: Online Learning for Edge-Cloud Collaborative Learning on Heterogeneous Edges with Resource Constraints","display_name":"OL4EL: Online Learning for Edge-Cloud Collaborative Learning on Heterogeneous Edges with Resource Constraints","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034486538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900594","mag":"3034486538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004907878","display_name":"Qing Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-9651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067547680","display_name":"Shusen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shusen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083582213","display_name":"Xuebin Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuebin Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037412714","display_name":"Cong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-4350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612251","display_name":"Jingqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6886-9912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056067943","display_name":"Xinyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-4914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84752197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"5","first_page":"49","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8688252568244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7796604633331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7605514526367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7208526730537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-learning","display_name":"Asynchronous learning","score":0.6197252869606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5587518811225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5367670059204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.49099209904670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.49032166600227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48929640650749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.47507089376449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4518180191516876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4492640495300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"Collaborative learning","score":0.4388979375362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2957727313041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-learning","display_name":"Synchronous learning","score":0.12638890743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-learning","display_name":"Cooperative learning","score":0.10770192742347717}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8688252568244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7796604633331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7605514526367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7208526730537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777072894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4812204","display_name":"Asynchronous learning","level":5,"score":0.6197252869606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5587518811225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5367670059204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.49099209904670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.49032166600227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48929640650749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.47507089376449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4518180191516876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4492640495300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.4388979375362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2957727313041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19122763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662215","display_name":"Synchronous learning","level":4,"score":0.12638890743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.10770192742347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158797327","display_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","issn_l":"0163-6804","issn":["0163-6804","1558-1896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133941677","https://openalex.org/W2167603139","https://openalex.org/W2168405694","https://openalex.org/W2400128071","https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2604783387","https://openalex.org/W2615459164","https://openalex.org/W2626970695","https://openalex.org/W2793925626","https://openalex.org/W2950303912","https://openalex.org/W2962788286","https://openalex.org/W2962863496","https://openalex.org/W2966753637","https://openalex.org/W3038028469","https://openalex.org/W4294106961","https://openalex.org/W4297687186","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6679795937","https://openalex.org/W6713060187","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6736413256","https://openalex.org/W6745458143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4313463379","https://openalex.org/W3214037210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"ML":[1,39,199],"at":[2,89],"the":[3,77,84,96,99,110,113,118,132,158,204],"network":[4,14],"edge":[5,30,46,90,122],"is":[6],"a":[7,42,58],"promising":[8],"paradigm":[9,44],"that":[10,190],"can":[11,146],"preserve":[12],"both":[13,139,150,164,176],"bandwidth":[15],"and":[16,23,26,40,92,117,141,145,152,168,180,196,209],"privacy":[17],"of":[18,45,61,80,86,115,121,160,203],"data":[19],"providers.":[20],"However,":[21],"heterogeneity":[22],"limited":[24],"computation":[25],"communication":[27],"resources":[28],"on":[29,37,68,95,131,172],"servers":[31,91],"(or":[32],"edges)":[33],"pose":[34],"great":[35],"challenges":[36],"distributed":[38],"formulate":[41],"new":[43],"learning":[47,101,143,154,207],"(i.e.,":[48,83],"edge-cloud":[49],"collaborative":[50,100,198],"machine":[51,179],"learning).":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"article,":[55],"we":[56,125,162],"propose":[57,126],"novel":[59],"framework":[60,129],"\"learning":[62],"to":[63,108],"learn\"":[64],"for":[65,149],"effective":[66],"EL":[67,116,195],"heterogeneous":[69],"edges":[70],"with":[71],"resource":[72,119,210],"constraints.":[73],"We":[74],"first":[75],"model":[76],"dynamic":[78],"determination":[79],"collaboration":[81],"strategy":[82],"allocation":[85],"local":[87],"iterations":[88],"global":[93],"aggregations":[94],"cloud":[97],"during":[98],"process)":[102],"as":[103,184],"an":[104,127],"online":[105],"optimization":[106],"problem":[107],"achieve":[109],"trade-off":[111,205],"between":[112,206],"performance":[114,159,208],"consumption":[120],"servers.":[123],"Then":[124],"OL4EL":[128,137,191],"based":[130,171],"budget-limited":[133],"multi-armed":[134],"bandit":[135],"model.":[136],"supports":[138],"synchronous":[140],"asynchronous":[142],"patterns,":[144],"be":[147],"used":[148],"supervised":[151],"unsupervised":[153],"tasks.":[155],"To":[156],"evaluate":[157],"OL4EL,":[161],"conducted":[163],"real-world":[165],"testbed":[166],"experiments":[167],"extensive":[169],"simulations":[170],"Docker":[173],"containers,":[174],"where":[175],"support":[177],"vector":[178],"K-means":[181],"were":[182],"considered":[183],"use":[185],"cases.":[186],"Experimental":[187],"results":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"significantly":[192],"outperforms":[193],"state-of-the-art":[194],"other":[197],"approaches":[200],"in":[201],"terms":[202],"consumption.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}