{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394006400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2024.3363971","title":"A Self-Learning Framework for Large-Scale Conversational AI Systems","display_name":"A Self-Learning Framework for Large-Scale Conversational AI Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394006400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2024.3363971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2024.3363971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2024.3363971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689574","display_name":"Xiaohu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-2903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047766916","display_name":"Chenlei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0502-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenlei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073471997","display_name":"Benjamin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8622-3540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072875068","display_name":"Ruhi Sarikaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2676-2831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruhi Sarikaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100689574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88191619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"34","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.8755000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.8755000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.8683000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.8478000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7661159634590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5817990303039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5550845861434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3643430471420288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7661159634590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5817990303039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5550845861434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3643430471420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2024.3363971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2024.3363971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556867390","https://openalex.org/W1598178035","https://openalex.org/W1976187638","https://openalex.org/W1976518595","https://openalex.org/W1982204215","https://openalex.org/W1996957559","https://openalex.org/W2001306626","https://openalex.org/W2038385982","https://openalex.org/W2047221353","https://openalex.org/W2085264948","https://openalex.org/W2101409192","https://openalex.org/W2105482032","https://openalex.org/W2106576032","https://openalex.org/W2112420033","https://openalex.org/W2122946987","https://openalex.org/W2136189984","https://openalex.org/W2145202551","https://openalex.org/W2151592910","https://openalex.org/W2153082595","https://openalex.org/W2166237624","https://openalex.org/W2170443290","https://openalex.org/W2170644967","https://openalex.org/W2189217339","https://openalex.org/W2341328702","https://openalex.org/W2460543324","https://openalex.org/W2572102653","https://openalex.org/W2743027853","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2747494806","https://openalex.org/W2751320993","https://openalex.org/W2798435682","https://openalex.org/W2810479486","https://openalex.org/W2888849322","https://openalex.org/W2889213362","https://openalex.org/W2898031744","https://openalex.org/W2951980657","https://openalex.org/W2954312207","https://openalex.org/W2962910139","https://openalex.org/W2963064439","https://openalex.org/W2963209930","https://openalex.org/W2963768411","https://openalex.org/W2963956526","https://openalex.org/W2964006684","https://openalex.org/W2964046296","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970444947","https://openalex.org/W2972359262","https://openalex.org/W2995181338","https://openalex.org/W2997771882","https://openalex.org/W2998477227","https://openalex.org/W2998702515","https://openalex.org/W3005511556","https://openalex.org/W3016632787","https://openalex.org/W3034930293","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3038119500","https://openalex.org/W3045703328","https://openalex.org/W3047616622","https://openalex.org/W3088653102","https://openalex.org/W3093793648","https://openalex.org/W3098807778","https://openalex.org/W3101366597","https://openalex.org/W3102021588","https://openalex.org/W3106764401","https://openalex.org/W3113593351","https://openalex.org/W3114290355","https://openalex.org/W3118093735","https://openalex.org/W3143415700","https://openalex.org/W3144149662","https://openalex.org/W3156333129","https://openalex.org/W3161825643","https://openalex.org/W3163840908","https://openalex.org/W3170182517","https://openalex.org/W3170730117","https://openalex.org/W3171896931","https://openalex.org/W3196695903","https://openalex.org/W3197702610","https://openalex.org/W3202088367","https://openalex.org/W3210226107","https://openalex.org/W3212066318","https://openalex.org/W3212555993","https://openalex.org/W3213618310","https://openalex.org/W4210590156","https://openalex.org/W4225310475","https://openalex.org/W4226034529","https://openalex.org/W4234228486","https://openalex.org/W4284667622","https://openalex.org/W4287322212","https://openalex.org/W4287889156","https://openalex.org/W4310154532","https://openalex.org/W4313457971","https://openalex.org/W4385571375","https://openalex.org/W4385573111","https://openalex.org/W6636888537","https://openalex.org/W6676077707","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6683300800","https://openalex.org/W6683646410","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6718924720","https://openalex.org/W6734696739","https://openalex.org/W6744237412","https://openalex.org/W6749396741","https://openalex.org/W6764276105","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6780218876","https://openalex.org/W6801844764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,25,36,80,88,141,146,175,178,206],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"conversational":[4,119,150,190],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(AI)":[7],"systems":[8,32,58,213],"have":[9,33],"been":[10,34],"widely":[11],"employed":[12],"to":[13,51,74,79,113,158,166,186],"address":[14],"people\u2019s":[15],"real-life":[16],"needs":[17],"across":[18],"various":[19,171],"different":[20],"environments":[21],"and":[22,43,66,87,103,137,162,183,214],"settings.":[23],"At":[24],"same":[26],"time,":[27],"users\u2019":[28],"expectations":[29],"of":[30,62,177,208],"these":[31,115],"on":[35],"rise":[37],"as":[38,60],"they":[39,85],"expect":[40],"more":[41],"contextual":[42],"personalized":[44],"interactions":[45],"with":[46,92],"continuous":[47,123],"learning":[48,64,70,138,172],"systems,":[49,121],"akin":[50],"their":[52,101],"expectation":[53],"in":[54,145,199],"human-human":[55],"interactions.":[56],"Modular":[57],"constructed":[59],"pipelines":[61],"machine":[63],"models":[65],"trained":[67],"through":[68,170],"supervised":[69],"paradigms":[71],"often":[72],"struggle":[73],"improve":[75],"user":[76,164],"experience":[77],"due":[78],"less-than-ideal,":[81],"slow":[82],"accuracy":[83],"improvements":[84],"undergo,":[86],"privacy":[89],"concerns":[90],"associated":[91],"manual":[93],"annotation.":[94],"Inspired":[95],"by":[96],"how":[97],"humans":[98],"learn":[99],"from":[100],"experiences":[102],"interactions,":[104],"this":[105,194],"article":[106,195],"proposes":[107],"a":[108,148,155,188],"comprehensive":[109],"self-learning":[110,128,149,179,209],"framework":[111,129,180],"designed":[112],"tackle":[114],"challenges":[116],"for":[117,143,210],"large-scale":[118,189],"AI":[120,151,191,212],"fostering":[122],"automated":[124],"learning.":[125],"The":[126],"proposed":[127],"comprises":[130],"three":[131],"elements:":[132],"feedback":[133,135,156,165],"collection,":[134],"interpretation,":[136],"mechanisms.":[139,173],"Without":[140],"need":[142],"annotators":[144],"loop,":[147],"system":[152],"autonomously":[153],"uses":[154],"interpreter":[157],"subscribe":[159],"to,":[160],"interpret,":[161],"utilize":[163],"adapt":[167],"its":[168,197],"behaviors":[169],"First,":[174],"elements":[176],"are":[181],"described":[182],"then":[184],"applied":[185],"Alexa,":[187],"system.":[192],"Subsequently,":[193],"presents":[196],"effectiveness":[198],"reducing":[200],"user-perceived":[201],"defects.":[202],"Finally,":[203],"it":[204],"explores":[205],"implications":[207],"general":[211],"suggests":[215],"future":[216],"directions.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}