{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206669279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2021.3129962","title":"A Multivariate Time Series Streaming Classifier for Predicting Hard Drive Failures [Application Notes]","display_name":"A Multivariate Time Series Streaming Classifier for Predicting Hard Drive Failures [Application Notes]","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206669279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2021.3129962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2021.3129962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2021.3129962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/1417","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066520283","display_name":"Josu Ircio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6509-7681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140267","display_name":"Ikerlan","ror":"https://ror.org/03hp1m080","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140267"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josu Ircio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ikerlan Technology Research Centre, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ikerlan Technology Research Centre, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052782814","display_name":"Aizea Lojo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-4403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140267","display_name":"Ikerlan","ror":"https://ror.org/03hp1m080","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140267"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aizea Lojo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ikerlan Technology Research Centre, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ikerlan Technology Research Centre, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050500830","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. Lozano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802176441","display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03b21sh32","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose A. Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM), Spain","University of the Basque Country, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021006746","display_name":"Usue Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-1770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usue Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050500830","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. Lozano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802176441","display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03b21sh32","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose A. Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM), Spain","University of the Basque Country, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6652,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85943797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"102","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8215035200119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5646412372589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5551429390907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5424855351448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5098923444747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streaming-data","display_name":"Streaming data","score":0.5088965892791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.48421645164489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.425462543964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.4226272702217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4052352011203766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8215035200119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5646412372589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5551429390907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5424855351448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5098923444747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777611316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39045282","display_name":"Streaming data","level":2,"score":0.5088965892791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.48421645164489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.425462543964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.4226272702217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4052352011203766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2021.3129962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2021.3129962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bird.bcamath.org:20.500.11824/1417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/1417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401608","display_name":"BIRD (Basque Center for Applied Mathematics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802176441","host_organization_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bird.bcamath.org:20.500.11824/1417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/1417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401608","display_name":"BIRD (Basque Center for Applied Mathematics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802176441","host_organization_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1519348779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KK-2019/00095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4124501105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104966GB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4580899898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BCAM Severo Ochoa accreditation SEV-2017-0718","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G51203471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2017-0718","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5555131222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G686263596","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2017-0718","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6929235129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IT1244-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7307029103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2017-0718","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G785050907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2017-0718","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328444","funder_display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8527799534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KK-2020/00049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8600698266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8829235293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BERC 2018-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz2fp31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328444","display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03b21sh32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62428230","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1727533515","https://openalex.org/W2073241381","https://openalex.org/W2119381450","https://openalex.org/W2270470215","https://openalex.org/W2319441181","https://openalex.org/W2376557535","https://openalex.org/W2507965428","https://openalex.org/W2509298940","https://openalex.org/W2532073801","https://openalex.org/W2533869535","https://openalex.org/W2546724522","https://openalex.org/W2592989717","https://openalex.org/W2598457882","https://openalex.org/W2757703774","https://openalex.org/W2780241975","https://openalex.org/W2784189955","https://openalex.org/W2784247142","https://openalex.org/W2885196759","https://openalex.org/W2887063112","https://openalex.org/W2887322623","https://openalex.org/W2896491200","https://openalex.org/W2903913345","https://openalex.org/W2945142706","https://openalex.org/W2964336507","https://openalex.org/W2964466384","https://openalex.org/W2977458177","https://openalex.org/W2988255906","https://openalex.org/W2990346675","https://openalex.org/W3001407182","https://openalex.org/W3001635573","https://openalex.org/W3004999940","https://openalex.org/W3009223424","https://openalex.org/W3011640931","https://openalex.org/W3119938884","https://openalex.org/W3120732119","https://openalex.org/W4233832771","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637646153","https://openalex.org/W6677844719","https://openalex.org/W6772609515","https://openalex.org/W6980851251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W2087343574","https://openalex.org/W2121910908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"data":[1,23],"storage":[2],"systems":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5,105,146,159],"hard":[6,31,55,90,98,132,193],"drives":[7,99],"can":[8],"suffer":[9],"breakdowns":[10],"that":[11,27,187],"cause":[12],"the":[13,20,25,40,52,63,69,112,128,142,163,167,174,182,188,202],"loss":[14,29],"of":[15,22,42,54,88,131,177,205],"stored":[16],"data.":[17],"Due":[18],"to":[19,46,65,118,162,172,213],"cost":[21],"and":[24,103,196,209],"damage":[26],"its":[28],"entails,":[30],"drive":[32,56,133,194],"failure":[33,134],"prediction":[34,135],"is":[35,45,73,120,144,170],"vital.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38,43],"context,":[39],"objective":[41],"paper":[44],"develop":[47],"a":[48,74,147,160,198],"method":[49,190],"for":[50,77],"detecting":[51],"beginning":[53],"malfunction":[57,119],"using":[58,181],"streaming":[59,151],"SMART":[60],"data,":[61],"allowing":[62],"user":[64],"take":[66],"actions":[67],"before":[68],"breakdown":[70,109],"occurs.":[71],"This":[72],"challenging":[75],"task":[76],"two":[78],"main":[79],"reasons.":[80],"First,":[81],"there":[82],"are":[83,100],"not":[84],"usually":[85,121],"many":[86],"examples":[87],"failed":[89,106,208],"drives.":[91],"Second,":[92],"in":[93],"these":[94,124,140],"few":[95],"available":[96],"examples,":[97],"only":[101],"identified":[102],"labeled":[104],"after":[107],"complete":[108],"occurs,":[110],"but":[111],"exact":[113],"moment":[114],"when":[115],"they":[116],"begin":[117],"unknown.":[122],"Both":[123],"aspects":[125],"significantly":[126],"complicate":[127],"supervised":[129],"learning":[130],"models.":[136],"To":[137],"cope":[138],"with":[139],"issues,":[141],"problem":[143,153],"addressed":[145],"multidimensional":[148],"time":[149],"series":[150],"classification":[152],"based":[154],"on":[155],"sliding":[156],"windows.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"solution":[161],"highly":[164],"imbalanced":[165],"situation,":[166],"learned":[168],"classifier":[169],"optimized":[171],"maximize":[173],"minimum":[175],"recall":[176,203],"classes.":[178],"Experimental":[179],"results":[180],"Backblaze":[183],"benchmark":[184],"dataset":[185],"show":[186],"proposed":[189],"reliably":[191],"anticipates":[192],"failures":[195],"obtains":[197],"higher":[199],"balance":[200],"between":[201],"values":[204],"both":[206],"classes,":[207],"correct":[210],"disks,":[211],"compared":[212],"other":[214],"state-of-the-art":[215],"solutions.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}