{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796838491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2018.2806997","title":"MC2ESVM: Multiclass Classification Based on Cooperative Evolution of Support Vector Machines","display_name":"MC2ESVM: Multiclass Classification Based on Cooperative Evolution of Support Vector Machines","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796838491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2018.2806997","mag":"2796838491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2018.2806997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2018.2806997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005598000","display_name":"Alejandro Rosales-P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Rosales-Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico","School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078909305","display_name":"Salvador Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-7565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["ES","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvador Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Spain","School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049386377","display_name":"Hugo Terashima\u2010Mar\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-0773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["ES","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Terashima-Marin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico","Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085548317","display_name":"Carlos A. Coello Coello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-680X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68368234","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/009eqmr18","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560","https://openalex.org/I68368234"]}],"countries":["ES","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos A. Coello Coello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico","Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68368234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045016749","display_name":"Francisco Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-312X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9012696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"18","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7761476039886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6548628211021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"Multiclass classification","score":0.6338461637496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6250801086425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6195029616355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6067615151405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5971502661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.505176842212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4836238920688629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2806015610694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7761476039886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6548628211021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.6338461637496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6250801086425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6195029616355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6067615151405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5971502661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.505176842212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4836238920688629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2806015610694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2018.2806997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2018.2806997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154343146","https://openalex.org/W187370165","https://openalex.org/W194800985","https://openalex.org/W1512098439","https://openalex.org/W1560724230","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1693343509","https://openalex.org/W2032038941","https://openalex.org/W2032629813","https://openalex.org/W2061701011","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2100211715","https://openalex.org/W2112299196","https://openalex.org/W2116444583","https://openalex.org/W2129936995","https://openalex.org/W2133864802","https://openalex.org/W2134767360","https://openalex.org/W2146194630","https://openalex.org/W2146713522","https://openalex.org/W2151922881","https://openalex.org/W2153104898","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2157239837","https://openalex.org/W2165466912","https://openalex.org/W2168228682","https://openalex.org/W2169157770","https://openalex.org/W2169284845","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2172064003","https://openalex.org/W2182722412","https://openalex.org/W2189865809","https://openalex.org/W2282078507","https://openalex.org/W2559655802","https://openalex.org/W2590507395","https://openalex.org/W2599194736","https://openalex.org/W2605316438","https://openalex.org/W2950533047","https://openalex.org/W2963391739","https://openalex.org/W2998768810","https://openalex.org/W3004533406","https://openalex.org/W3006551545","https://openalex.org/W3014813097","https://openalex.org/W4312326823","https://openalex.org/W6630527977","https://openalex.org/W6637358919","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6680007464","https://openalex.org/W6682541582","https://openalex.org/W6682953061","https://openalex.org/W6683380652","https://openalex.org/W6730523429","https://openalex.org/W6733800825","https://openalex.org/W6735506286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039745824","https://openalex.org/W3157224608","https://openalex.org/W2747895175","https://openalex.org/W4376528628","https://openalex.org/W2614669534","https://openalex.org/W2104406636","https://openalex.org/W2623163150","https://openalex.org/W2186666570","https://openalex.org/W2123014508","https://openalex.org/W4247599326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Support":[0],"vector":[1],"machines":[2],"(SVMs)":[3],"are":[4,36,51,101],"one":[5],"of":[6,29,46,86,167,183],"the":[7,30,41,58,83,111,120,127,134,165],"most":[8],"powerful":[9],"learning":[10,119],"algorithms":[11],"for":[12,33,78,123,173],"solving":[13,62,174],"classification":[14,48,80,176],"problems.":[15,65],"However,":[16],"in":[17,104],"their":[18],"original":[19],"formulation,":[20],"they":[21],"only":[22],"deal":[23],"with":[24],"binary":[25,31,47],"classification.":[26],"Traditional":[27],"extensions":[28],"SVMs":[32],"multiclass":[34,79,175],"problems":[35],"based":[37,81],"either":[38],"on":[39,56,82,118],"decomposing":[40],"problem":[42,96,113],"into":[43,97,132],"a":[44,105,180],"number":[45,182],"problems,":[49,177],"which":[50,100],"then":[52],"independently":[53],"solved,":[54],"or":[55],"reformulating":[57],"objective":[59],"function":[60],"by":[61,161],"larger":[63],"optimization":[64,112],"In":[66],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69],"propose":[70],"MC":[71,152,168],"<sup":[72,153,169],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[73,154,170],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[74,155,171],"ESVM,":[75],"an":[76,94],"approach":[77],"cooperative":[84,106],"evolution":[85,89],"SVMs.":[87],"Cooperative":[88],"allows":[90],"us":[91],"to":[92,150],"decompose":[93],"M-class":[95],"M":[98],"subproblems,":[99],"simultaneously":[102],"optimized":[103],"fashion.":[107],"We":[108],"have":[109],"reformulated":[110],"such":[114],"that":[115,129],"it":[116,130],"focuses":[117],"support":[121,184],"vectors":[122],"each":[124],"class":[125],"at":[126],"time":[128],"takes":[131],"account":[133],"information":[135],"from":[136],"other":[137],"classes.":[138],"A":[139],"comprehensive":[140],"experimental":[141,158],"study":[142],"using":[143],"common":[144],"benchmark":[145],"datasets":[146],"is":[147],"carried":[148],"out":[149],"validate":[151],"ESVM.":[156],"The":[157],"results,":[159],"supported":[160],"statistical":[162],"tests,":[163],"show":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"ESVM":[172],"while":[178],"keeping":[179],"reasonable":[181],"vectors.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}