{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2528801684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2016.2601702","title":"Super-Sparse Learning in Similarity Spaces","display_name":"Super-Sparse Learning in Similarity Spaces","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2528801684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2016.2601702","mag":"2528801684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2016.2601702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2016.2601702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.06131","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005227623","display_name":"Ambra Demontis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-6913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ambra Demontis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023265601","display_name":"Marco Melis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3641-2093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Melis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008367647","display_name":"Battista Biggio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-509X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Battista Biggio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021089553","display_name":"Giorgio Fumera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Fumera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065359946","display_name":"Fabio Roli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-9190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Roli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09480537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"36","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6681259870529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5996131300926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5504074692726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.534051775932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5338097214698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.518251895904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.48629364371299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.4490531086921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.44300615787506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.43252986669540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.379805326461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3368988037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23374736309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16069361567497253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6681259870529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5996131300926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5504074692726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.534051775932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5338097214698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.518251895904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.48629364371299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.4490531086921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.44300615787506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.43252986669540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.379805326461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3368988037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23374736309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16069361567497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2016.2601702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2016.2601702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1712.06131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1712.06131","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.06131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2528801684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.06131v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/189111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ieee.org/products/onlinepubs/news/0705_02.html#2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1085469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1085469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1712.06131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.06131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1712.06131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1712.06131","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.06131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2528801684.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2528801684.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65147447","https://openalex.org/W1532499126","https://openalex.org/W1547422871","https://openalex.org/W1555969862","https://openalex.org/W1605479404","https://openalex.org/W1702573106","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2060663686","https://openalex.org/W2079629183","https://openalex.org/W2084377579","https://openalex.org/W2088032561","https://openalex.org/W2090582154","https://openalex.org/W2091825929","https://openalex.org/W2095895508","https://openalex.org/W2100781145","https://openalex.org/W2116183273","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2147898188","https://openalex.org/W2150563191","https://openalex.org/W2152668649","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154462399","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2157656721","https://openalex.org/W2398401380","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4255455317","https://openalex.org/W6631637103","https://openalex.org/W6636033586","https://openalex.org/W6674478206","https://openalex.org/W6677301753","https://openalex.org/W6677354658","https://openalex.org/W6679958704","https://openalex.org/W6683181193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3129917300","https://openalex.org/W3113178772","https://openalex.org/W2886499309","https://openalex.org/W2187194862","https://openalex.org/W2510039569","https://openalex.org/W2807203802","https://openalex.org/W2905417435","https://openalex.org/W2804148081","https://openalex.org/W2772303887","https://openalex.org/W2615180724","https://openalex.org/W3037308981","https://openalex.org/W2146879744","https://openalex.org/W2150959276","https://openalex.org/W2896196728","https://openalex.org/W2266540192","https://openalex.org/W2146068631","https://openalex.org/W1845402413","https://openalex.org/W42898256","https://openalex.org/W3205851411","https://openalex.org/W2912081564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,111],"growing":[2],"number":[3,133,152,163,172,208],"of":[4,23,88,114,134,153,164,173,196,209],"applications,":[5],"including":[6],"computer":[7],"vision,":[8],"biometrics,":[9],"text":[10],"categorization":[11],"and":[12,117,185],"information":[13],"retrieval,":[14],"samples":[15,166],"are":[16,147],"often":[17,104],"represented":[18],"more":[19],"naturally":[20],"in":[21,30,64,81,131],"terms":[22],"similarities":[24],"between":[25],"each":[26],"other,":[27],"rather":[28],"than":[29],"an":[31],"explicit":[32],"feature":[33],"vector":[34],"space":[35,66],"[1],":[36],"[2].":[37],"Traditional":[38],"machine-learning":[39],"algorithms":[40,53],"can":[41,61],"still":[42],"be":[43,62],"used":[44],"to":[45,77,161],"learn":[46,78],"over":[47],"similarity-based":[48,89],"representations;":[49],"e.g.,":[50],"linear":[51],"classification":[52,102,190,214],"like":[54],"Support":[55],"Vector":[56],"Machines":[57],"(SVMs)":[58],"[3],":[59],"[4]":[60],"trained":[63],"the":[65,70,74,85,107,132,151,162,171,182,189,193,207],"implicitly":[67],"induced":[68],"by":[69],"similarity":[71,120],"measure":[72],"(i.e.,":[73,155],"kernel":[75],"function)":[76],"nonlinear":[79],"functions":[80],"input":[82,108],"space.":[83],"However,":[84,198],"main":[86],"drawback":[87],"techniques":[90],"is":[91,122],"their":[92,101],"high":[93],"computational":[94],"complexity":[95],"at":[96],"test":[97],"time,":[98],"since":[99],"computing":[100],"function":[103,191],"requires":[105],"matching":[106],"sample":[109],"against":[110],"large":[112],"set":[113,195],"reference":[115,174],"prototypes,":[116,175,210],"evaluating":[118],"such":[119],"measures":[121],"usually":[123],"computationally":[124],"demanding.":[125],"Even":[126],"SVMs,":[127],"that":[128,146],"induce":[129],"sparsity":[130],"required":[135],"prototypes":[136,154],"(the":[137],"so-called":[138],"support":[139],"vectors,":[140],"SVs)":[141,156],"may":[142,203],"not":[143,204],"provide":[144],"solutions":[145],"sparse":[148],"enough,":[149],"as":[150],"grows":[157],"linearly":[158],"with":[159],"respect":[160],"training":[165,183],"[5],":[167],"[6].":[168],"To":[169],"reduce":[170,206],"several":[176],"state-of-the-art":[177],"approaches":[178],"select":[179],"them":[180],"from":[181],"data,":[184],"then":[186],"separately":[187],"train":[188],"using":[192],"reduced":[194],"prototypes.":[197],"decoupling":[199],"these":[200],"two":[201],"steps":[202],"effectively":[205],"without":[211],"significantly":[212],"affecting":[213],"accuracy":[215],"[2],":[216],"[7],":[217],"[8].":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
