{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2244486986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2015.2471235","title":"Ensemble Classification and Regression-Recent Developments, Applications and Future Directions [Review Article]","display_name":"Ensemble Classification and Regression-Recent Developments, Applications and Future Directions [Review Article]","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2244486986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2015.2471235","mag":"2244486986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2015.2471235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2015.2471235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100907910","display_name":"Ye Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350631","display_name":"Le Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6930-8674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025626208","display_name":"Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-5105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.N. Suganthan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":100.1782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":677,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99941644,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.9031222462654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.75954270362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7260539531707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7079923748970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6950252056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6776790022850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.591198742389679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4411521553993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11984410881996155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.9031222462654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.75954270362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7260539531707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7079923748970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6950252056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6776790022850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.591198742389679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4411521553993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11984410881996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mci.2015.2471235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2015.2471235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104797584","display_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","issn_l":"1556-603X","issn":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":212,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4919037","https://openalex.org/W13188192","https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W45628541","https://openalex.org/W73900594","https://openalex.org/W107074470","https://openalex.org/W655738929","https://openalex.org/W1483334434","https://openalex.org/W1500698297","https://openalex.org/W1516193414","https://openalex.org/W1521062204","https://openalex.org/W1529840045","https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1540007258","https://openalex.org/W1545749548","https://openalex.org/W1550629956","https://openalex.org/W1560199564","https://openalex.org/W1564885105","https://openalex.org/W1567295337","https://openalex.org/W1570592793","https://openalex.org/W1572395346","https://openalex.org/W1572728438","https://openalex.org/W1580948147","https://openalex.org/W1584161386","https://openalex.org/W1588100052","https://openalex.org/W1592902649","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1600469680","https://openalex.org/W1602402285","https://openalex.org/W1608401492","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1790870804","https://openalex.org/W1800724332","https://openalex.org/W1840338487","https://openalex.org/W1865546541","https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W1944448017","https://openalex.org/W1964420824","https://openalex.org/W1966080284","https://openalex.org/W1967165756","https://openalex.org/W1969988238","https://openalex.org/W1970245951","https://openalex.org/W1972794504","https://openalex.org/W1974157137","https://openalex.org/W1975846642","https://openalex.org/W1978581090","https://openalex.org/W1982703331","https://openalex.org/W1982859933","https://openalex.org/W1984838032","https://openalex.org/W1984931792","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1989092102","https://openalex.org/W1994295547","https://openalex.org/W1995789178","https://openalex.org/W1996202672","https://openalex.org/W2002392274","https://openalex.org/W2004670864","https://openalex.org/W2005330159","https://openalex.org/W2006721374","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2007272376","https://openalex.org/W2008544824","https://openalex.org/W2010941383","https://openalex.org/W2011174137","https://openalex.org/W2012848186","https://openalex.org/W2013988592","https://openalex.org/W2015725852","https://openalex.org/W2016762915","https://openalex.org/W2017851191","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2027333824","https://openalex.org/W2028031385","https://openalex.org/W2028136593","https://openalex.org/W2031823405","https://openalex.org/W2032210760","https://openalex.org/W2046862341","https://openalex.org/W2047081748","https://openalex.org/W2048216182","https://openalex.org/W2050683094","https://openalex.org/W2051912432","https://openalex.org/W2053262430","https://openalex.org/W2054002339","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2060605237","https://openalex.org/W2061082730","https://openalex.org/W2061119986","https://openalex.org/W2061773505","https://openalex.org/W2067885219","https://openalex.org/W2068751874","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2073512407","https://openalex.org/W2075967464","https://openalex.org/W2076118331","https://openalex.org/W2076408892","https://openalex.org/W2078464941","https://openalex.org/W2081393777","https://openalex.org/W2084481407","https://openalex.org/W2090072309","https://openalex.org/W2090415868","https://openalex.org/W2091512871","https://openalex.org/W2092804872","https://openalex.org/W2093045504","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2100805904","https://openalex.org/W2102386495","https://openalex.org/W2105463715","https://openalex.org/W2106503792","https://openalex.org/W2106525823","https://openalex.org/W2106766118","https://openalex.org/W2108069432","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2108704825","https://openalex.org/W2109726006","https://openalex.org/W2109743529","https://openalex.org/W2112076978","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2113980280","https://openalex.org/W2114755535","https://openalex.org/W2114933419","https://openalex.org/W2120137102","https://openalex.org/W2121043290","https://openalex.org/W2122892819","https://openalex.org/W2124951716","https://openalex.org/W2126076065","https://openalex.org/W2126902163","https://openalex.org/W2128073546","https://openalex.org/W2128655348","https://openalex.org/W2132333011","https://openalex.org/W2132425109","https://openalex.org/W2133370027","https://openalex.org/W2134493171","https://openalex.org/W2136127502","https://openalex.org/W2136836265","https://openalex.org/W2136857199","https://openalex.org/W2137055149","https://openalex.org/W2138849398","https://openalex.org/W2140229565","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2141705618","https://openalex.org/W2142387771","https://openalex.org/W2143720865","https://openalex.org/W2143865185","https://openalex.org/W2144197083","https://openalex.org/W2145094598","https://openalex.org/W2145295623","https://openalex.org/W2147234763","https://openalex.org/W2150757437","https://openalex.org/W2151447451","https://openalex.org/W2151503710","https://openalex.org/W2152761983","https://openalex.org/W2154630456","https://openalex.org/W2155745915","https://openalex.org/W2155806188","https://openalex.org/W2157790977","https://openalex.org/W2160359047","https://openalex.org/W2163344585","https://openalex.org/W2164544703","https://openalex.org/W2167055186","https://openalex.org/W2167114860","https://openalex.org/W2171188027","https://openalex.org/W2171435981","https://openalex.org/W2321536237","https://openalex.org/W2329714387","https://openalex.org/W2391743768","https://openalex.org/W2394550614","https://openalex.org/W2471397812","https://openalex.org/W2538073050","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2913407066","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W2998768810","https://openalex.org/W3149357266","https://openalex.org/W3149849963","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4239072543","https://openalex.org/W4244952642","https://openalex.org/W4246066915","https://openalex.org/W4250842682","https://openalex.org/W6600213771","https://openalex.org/W6603019529","https://openalex.org/W6631129480","https://openalex.org/W6634164890","https://openalex.org/W6635535901","https://openalex.org/W6640526699","https://openalex.org/W6641446668","https://openalex.org/W6651353285","https://openalex.org/W6652358745","https://openalex.org/W6654720832","https://openalex.org/W6675743382","https://openalex.org/W6676297131","https://openalex.org/W6676769703","https://openalex.org/W6677828823","https://openalex.org/W6678735051","https://openalex.org/W6678928547","https://openalex.org/W6679154154","https://openalex.org/W6679801795","https://openalex.org/W6679955943","https://openalex.org/W6680140788","https://openalex.org/W6680751671","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6682614849","https://openalex.org/W6682657502","https://openalex.org/W6683403342","https://openalex.org/W6684636516","https://openalex.org/W6685188343","https://openalex.org/W6720307979","https://openalex.org/W6728858249","https://openalex.org/W6989699103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073883415","https://openalex.org/W2905156999","https://openalex.org/W4229460275","https://openalex.org/W4296079469","https://openalex.org/W2944292463","https://openalex.org/W3014252901","https://openalex.org/W1987518466","https://openalex.org/W3023033471","https://openalex.org/W3135046080","https://openalex.org/W2188759683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensemble":[0,9],"methods":[1,10,35,50,56,82],"use":[2],"multiple":[3,15,78],"models":[4],"to":[5],"get":[6],"better":[7],"performance.":[8],"have":[11],"been":[12],"used":[13],"in":[14],"research":[16,104],"fields":[17],"such":[18,57],"as":[19,30,32,40,58],"computational":[20],"intelligence,":[21],"statistics":[22],"and":[23,36,46,61,83,91],"machine":[24],"learning.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27,98],"reviews":[28],"traditional":[29],"well":[31],"state-of-the-art":[33],"ensemble":[34,49,55,73,76,81,87],"thus":[37],"can":[38],"serve":[39],"an":[41],"extensive":[42],"summary":[43],"for":[44,102],"practitioners":[45],"beginners.":[47],"The":[48],"are":[51,94],"categorized":[52],"into":[53],"conventional":[54],"bagging,":[59],"boosting":[60],"random":[62],"forest,":[63],"decomposition":[64],"methods,":[65,69,74,77],"negative":[66],"correlation":[67],"learning":[68,80,85],"multi-objective":[70],"optimization":[71],"based":[72,86],"fuzzy":[75],"kernel":[79],"deep":[84],"methods.":[88],"Variations,":[89],"improvements":[90],"typical":[92],"applications":[93],"discussed.":[95],"Finally":[96],"this":[97],"gives":[99],"some":[100],"recommendations":[101],"future":[103],"directions.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}