{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125806922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2025.3635750","title":"An Immersive Virtual Reality Platform for First Aid and Emergency Training","display_name":"An Immersive Virtual Reality Platform for First Aid and Emergency Training","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125806922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2025.3635750","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41587261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcg.2025.3635750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2025.3635750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105380075","display_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","issn_l":"0272-1716","issn":["0272-1716","1558-1756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123977463","display_name":"Marcello A. Carrozzino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcello A. Carrozzino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124025971","display_name":"Matteo Caponi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Caponi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124051636","display_name":"Simone Pisani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Pisani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123981611","display_name":"Bruno Papaleo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119350","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro","ror":"https://ror.org/01t264m74","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119350"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Papaleo","raw_affiliation_strings":["INAIL, Roma, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAIL, Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123929620","display_name":"Alda Mazzei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165410","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana","ror":"https://ror.org/05xrcj819","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165410"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alda Mazzei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124044461","display_name":"Rudy Foddis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudy Foddis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123987240","display_name":"Massimo Bergamasco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Bergamasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123977463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21248916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"1","first_page":"107","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.6449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.6449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.20720000565052032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.09740000218153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7228999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-aid","display_name":"First aid","score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5220999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlay","display_name":"Overlay","score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-response","display_name":"Emergency response","score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersive-technology","display_name":"Immersive technology","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.38580000400543213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7451000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7228999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6316999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778897197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133981","display_name":"First aid","level":2,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5220999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017997152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814610","display_name":"Emergency response","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102132729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660060","display_name":"Immersive technology","level":3,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777055891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185325","display_name":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation","level":3,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545288138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860447","display_name":"Emergency medical services","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781350754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Virtual training","level":3,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779084015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16250470","display_name":"Basic life support","level":4,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005392","descriptor_name":"First Aid","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005392","descriptor_name":"First Aid","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008348","descriptor_name":"Manikins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008348","descriptor_name":"Manikins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016887","descriptor_name":"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016887","descriptor_name":"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcg.2025.3635750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2025.3635750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105380075","display_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","issn_l":"0272-1716","issn":["0272-1716","1558-1756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41587261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41587261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE computer graphics and applications","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100983247","https://openalex.org/W2109641100","https://openalex.org/W2415712755","https://openalex.org/W2988908940","https://openalex.org/W3144810571","https://openalex.org/W4376870735","https://openalex.org/W4396934111","https://openalex.org/W4402012026","https://openalex.org/W4403597599","https://openalex.org/W4406845258","https://openalex.org/W4407402823","https://openalex.org/W4408835112"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"reality":[1],"(VR)":[2],"technologies":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"valuable":[7],"tools":[8],"for":[9],"medical":[10,119],"and":[11,17,69,76,91,107,126],"emergency":[12,64],"training,":[13],"providing":[14],"safe,":[15],"immersive,":[16],"repeatable":[18],"environments":[19],"where":[20],"complex":[21],"procedures":[22],"can":[23],"be":[24],"practiced":[25],"effectively.":[26],"This":[27],"article":[28],"presents":[29],"an":[30,97],"immersive":[31],"VR":[32],"system":[33],"designed":[34],"to":[35,114],"train":[36],"workplace":[37],"first-aid":[38],"responders,":[39],"with":[40,55,66],"a":[41,51,84],"particular":[42],"focus":[43],"on":[44,104],"cardiopulmonary":[45],"resuscitation":[46],"(CPR).":[47],"The":[48,110],"platform":[49],"integrates":[50],"physical":[52],"CPR":[53],"manikin":[54],"virtual":[56],"patient":[57],"overlays":[58],"through":[59],"mixed-reality":[60],"calibration,":[61],"incorporates":[62],"realistic":[63],"scenarios":[65],"environmental":[67],"hazards,":[68],"enables":[70],"synchronous":[71],"multiuser":[72],"interaction":[73],"between":[74],"trainees":[75],"instructors.":[77],"To":[78],"assess":[79],"its":[80,122],"potential,":[81],"we":[82],"provide":[83],"detailed":[85],"description":[86],"of":[87,96,117],"the":[88,94,115],"system's":[89],"architecture":[90],"functionalities,":[92],"introducing":[93],"results":[95],"extensive":[98],"user":[99,108],"study":[100],"employing":[101],"validated":[102],"questionnaires":[103],"usability,":[105],"performance,":[106],"experience.":[109],"proposed":[111],"framework":[112],"contributes":[113],"advancement":[116],"VR-based":[118],"education,":[120],"highlighting":[121],"benefits,":[123],"current":[124],"limitations,":[125],"future":[127],"research":[128],"opportunities.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}