{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399910656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2024.3367422","title":"Is Native Na\u00efve? Comparing Native Game Engines and WebXR as Immersive Analytics Development Platforms","display_name":"Is Native Na\u00efve? Comparing Native Game Engines and WebXR as Immersive Analytics Development Platforms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399910656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2024.3367422","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38905026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcg.2024.3367422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2024.3367422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105380075","display_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","issn_l":"0272-1716","issn":["0272-1716","1558-1756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutputs/is-native-naive-comparing-native-game-engines-and-webxr-as-immersive-analytics-development-platforms(9d851fa2-d013-44ef-bd5f-519e7adbe4ba).html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032473237","display_name":"Peter Butcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-627X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","display_name":"Bangor University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jb1a24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter W. S. Butcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bangor University, Bangor, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-627X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bangor University, Bangor, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054015080","display_name":"Andrea Batch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-9542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288783943","display_name":"Bureau of Economic Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/03b17a012","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288783943","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Batch","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Suitland, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-9542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Suitland, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288783943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016139323","display_name":"David Saffo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-048X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305429384","display_name":"JPMorgan Chase & Co (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3kkr08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Saffo","raw_affiliation_strings":["JP Morgan Chase & Co., New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-048X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JP Morgan Chase & Co., New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070357435","display_name":"Blair MacIntyre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-2366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305429384","display_name":"JPMorgan Chase & Co (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3kkr08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blair MacIntyre","raw_affiliation_strings":["JP Morgan Chase & Co., New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-2366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JP Morgan Chase & Co., New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034277315","display_name":"Niklas Elmqvist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5805-5301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Elmqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5805-5301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065371627","display_name":"Panagiotis D. Ritsos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","display_name":"Bangor University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jb1a24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis D. Ritsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bangor University, Bangor, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-3885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bangor University, Bangor, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82318373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"91","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7919389605522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7019228339195251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.6719573736190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.6217555403709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5346967577934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analytics","display_name":"Visual analytics","score":0.5227456092834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-engine","display_name":"Game engine","score":0.5061857104301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.5050926804542542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.47100630402565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.392845094203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1496429741382599}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7919389605522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7019228339195251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.6719573736190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.6217555403709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5346967577934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59732488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440","display_name":"Visual analytics","level":3,"score":0.5227456092834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986528223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193564","display_name":"Game engine","level":2,"score":0.5061857104301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.5050926804542542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.47100630402565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.392845094203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1496429741382599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcg.2024.3367422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2024.3367422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105380075","display_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","issn_l":"0272-1716","issn":["0272-1716","1558-1756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38905026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38905026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE computer graphics and applications","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/8136bab9-8e10-40eb-a22b-c19739c42a08","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/8136bab9-8e10-40eb-a22b-c19739c42a08","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Butcher, P W S, Batch, A, Saffo, D, Macintyre, B, Elmqvist, N & Ritsos, P D 2024, 'Is Native Na\u00efve? Comparing Native Game Engines and WebXR as Immersive Analytics Development Platforms', IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2024.3367422","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.bangor.ac.uk:publications/9d851fa2-d013-44ef-bd5f-519e7adbe4ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutputs/is-native-naive-comparing-native-game-engines-and-webxr-as-immersive-analytics-development-platforms(9d851fa2-d013-44ef-bd5f-519e7adbe4ba).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402103","display_name":"Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","host_organization_name":"Bangor University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Butcher , P , Batch , A , Saffo , D , MackIntyre , B , Elmqvist , N & Ritsos , P D 2024 , ' Is Native Na\u00efve? Comparing Native Game Engines and WebXR as Immersive Analytics Development Platforms ' , IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications , vol. 44 , no. 3 , pp. 91-98 . https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2024.3367422","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.bangor.ac.uk:publications/9d851fa2-d013-44ef-bd5f-519e7adbe4ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutputs/is-native-naive-comparing-native-game-engines-and-webxr-as-immersive-analytics-development-platforms(9d851fa2-d013-44ef-bd5f-519e7adbe4ba).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402103","display_name":"Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","host_organization_name":"Bangor University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Butcher , P , Batch , A , Saffo , D , MackIntyre , B , Elmqvist , N & Ritsos , P D 2024 , ' Is Native Na\u00efve? Comparing Native Game Engines and WebXR as Immersive Analytics Development Platforms ' , IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications , vol. 44 , no. 3 , pp. 91-98 . https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2024.3367422","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979363710","https://openalex.org/W1984622973","https://openalex.org/W2008507875","https://openalex.org/W2039311637","https://openalex.org/W2128026023","https://openalex.org/W2766823279","https://openalex.org/W2888068719","https://openalex.org/W2888308855","https://openalex.org/W2967066275","https://openalex.org/W3000695681","https://openalex.org/W3030700920","https://openalex.org/W3114707014","https://openalex.org/W3161685366","https://openalex.org/W4225166773","https://openalex.org/W4230275437","https://openalex.org/W4315589358","https://openalex.org/W4366550332","https://openalex.org/W4380520404","https://openalex.org/W4382451443","https://openalex.org/W4386632332","https://openalex.org/W4387917735","https://openalex.org/W4388749708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186032312","https://openalex.org/W2158984754","https://openalex.org/W3149127250","https://openalex.org/W2557345094","https://openalex.org/W2564956852","https://openalex.org/W4246764483","https://openalex.org/W4378086562","https://openalex.org/W3208630418","https://openalex.org/W2126824079","https://openalex.org/W2143428259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Native":[0],"game":[1,68],"engines":[2,69,77],"have":[3,23,79],"long":[4],"been":[5,25],"the":[6,39],"3-D":[7],"development":[8],"platform":[9],"of":[10,42],"choice":[11,49],"for":[12,55,93],"research":[13],"in":[14,27,82],"mixed":[15],"and":[16,31,35,44,72,90],"augmented":[17],"reality.":[18],"For":[19],"this":[20,48,60],"reason,":[21],"they":[22],"also":[24],"adopted":[26],"many":[28,83,94],"immersive":[29,32,95],"visualization":[30,57],"analytics":[33,96],"systems":[34],"toolkits.":[36],"However,":[37],"with":[38],"rapid":[40],"improvements":[41],"WebXR":[43,71,85],"related":[45],"open":[46],"technologies,":[47],"may":[50],"not":[51],"always":[52],"be":[53],"optimal":[54],"future":[56],"research.":[58],"In":[59],"article,":[61],"we":[62],"investigate":[63],"common":[64],"assumptions":[65],"about":[66],"native":[67,76],"versus":[70],"find":[73],"that":[74],"while":[75],"still":[78],"an":[80],"advantage":[81],"areas,":[84],"is":[86,91],"rapidly":[87],"catching":[88],"up":[89],"superior":[92],"applications.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}