{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402401454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2024.3458350","title":"Evaluating Sustainability and Social Costs of Adversarial Training in Machine Learning","display_name":"Evaluating Sustainability and Social Costs of Adversarial Training in Machine Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402401454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2024.3458350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2024.3458350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2024.3458350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104326736","display_name":"Syed Mhamudul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7414-9103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Mhamudul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035192689","display_name":"Abdur R. Shahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-8907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdur R. Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077711449","display_name":"Ahmed Imteaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Imteaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104326736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81293009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"27","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9456999897956848,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8579610586166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.677950382232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6612297892570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5315788984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.488004595041275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","score":0.41018927097320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39317816495895386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8579610586166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.677950382232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6612297892570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5315788984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.488004595041275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.41018927097320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39317816495895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2024.3458350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2024.3458350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2924551358","https://openalex.org/W2963809228","https://openalex.org/W2985020889","https://openalex.org/W3214897310","https://openalex.org/W4281786142","https://openalex.org/W4283157527","https://openalex.org/W4379743664","https://openalex.org/W4380769213","https://openalex.org/W4399620344","https://openalex.org/W4401509652","https://openalex.org/W6773953490","https://openalex.org/W6780095956","https://openalex.org/W6794426595","https://openalex.org/W6803154024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048732067","https://openalex.org/W4383468834","https://openalex.org/W2900159906","https://openalex.org/W4384648009","https://openalex.org/W4283221438","https://openalex.org/W4287828318","https://openalex.org/W2406556600","https://openalex.org/W4380352238","https://openalex.org/W2899811703","https://openalex.org/W2930249865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growing":[1],"prevalence":[2],"of":[3,23,43,74,83,88,123],"adversarial":[4,15,18,27,131],"attacks":[5],"on":[6,119],"machine":[7],"learning":[8],"models":[9,128],"in":[10,86],"consumer":[11],"electronics":[12],"necessitates":[13],"enhancing":[14],"robustness.":[16],"Although":[17],"training":[19],"improves":[20],"the":[21,40,44,53,70,80,98,106,120],"robustness":[22,64,75,85],"a":[24,32,61],"model":[25],"against":[26],"attacks,":[28],"its":[29],"sustainability":[30],"remains":[31],"critical":[33],"concern":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,78],"carbon":[37,55,66,89,102],"emissions":[38],"and":[39,65,68,112,126],"environmental":[41],"impact":[42,82],"extensive":[45],"computational":[46],"demands.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"this,":[50],"we":[51,116],"use":[52],"robust":[54,130],"tradeoff":[56],"index":[57],"metric,":[58],"which":[59],"establishes":[60],"relationship":[62],"between":[63],"emissions,":[67],"introduce":[69],"cost":[71],"per":[72],"unit":[73],"change":[76],"metric":[77,96],"quantify":[79],"economic":[81,95],"increasing":[84],"terms":[87],"emission":[90],"costs":[91,99],"measured":[92],"by":[93],"an":[94],"quantifying":[97],"associated":[100],"with":[101,129],"emissions.":[103],"By":[104],"examining":[105],"theoretical":[107],"foundations,":[108],"practical":[109],"quantification":[110],"techniques,":[111],"interdisciplinary":[113],"research":[114],"areas,":[115],"shed":[117],"light":[118],"multifaceted":[121],"aspects":[122],"building":[124],"sustainable":[125],"scalable":[127],"defenses.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
