{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137472100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3064147","title":"The Age of Software: An Introduction","display_name":"The Age of Software: An Introduction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137472100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3064147","mag":"3137472100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2021.3064147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3064147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024771172","display_name":"Bob Frankston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8603-0969"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bob Frankston","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8603-0969","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024771172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04540975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"28","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.6448000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.6448000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.6312000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.5687000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.7754173278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-neutrality","display_name":"Net neutrality","score":0.7667328119277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7422109842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6805117130279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.6728202104568481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6637941002845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrality","display_name":"Neutrality","score":0.4365706741809845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3923175036907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33458182215690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2782818675041199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.23621001839637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.20929664373397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14497175812721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.08593589067459106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.7754173278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539553027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853467","display_name":"Net neutrality","level":3,"score":0.7667328119277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7422109842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6805117130279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.6728202104568481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6637941002845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9049677","display_name":"Neutrality","level":2,"score":0.4365706741809845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3923175036907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33458182215690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2782818675041199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.23621001839637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20929664373397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14497175812721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08593589067459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2021.3064147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3064147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497204510","https://openalex.org/W2550694847","https://openalex.org/W3021254018","https://openalex.org/W1870865895","https://openalex.org/W1574826514","https://openalex.org/W2794011512","https://openalex.org/W3122648701","https://openalex.org/W1847970524","https://openalex.org/W2413662020","https://openalex.org/W2038558189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,53,79,139],"Internet":[1],"is":[2,46,55,88,96,116,143],"built":[3],"on":[4],"a":[5,76,97,102],"powerful":[6],"idea":[7,80,129],"\u2014":[8],"treating":[9],"all":[10,26],"packets":[11,18,24,57,69],"the":[12,27,113,127],"same":[13,28],"whether":[14],"they":[15,34],"are":[16,25,30,58,124],"voice":[17],"or":[19,21],"text":[20],"whatever.":[22],"These":[23],"and":[29,63,101,168,171],"inherently":[31],"neutral":[32],"because":[33],"have":[35,85],"been":[36],"decoupled":[37],"from":[38],"their":[39],"meaning.":[40,138],"debate":[42],"over":[43],"network":[44,135],"neutrality":[45,65],"framed":[47,125],"in":[48,126,144],"terms":[49],"of":[50,75,111],"common":[51],"carriage.":[52],"assumption":[54],"that":[56,64,70,81,105,118,120,130],"freight":[59],"with":[60],"inherent":[61,86],"meaning":[62,87,140],"only":[66],"applies":[67],"to":[68,72,136,149,160,165,175],"happen":[71],"be":[73],"part":[74],"separate":[77],"Internet.":[78],"bits":[82],"do":[83],"not":[84],"about":[89],"far":[90],"more":[91],"than":[92,155],"just":[93],"networking.":[94],"It":[95,115],"basic":[98,109],"engineering":[99],"principle":[100,104],"philosophical":[103],"goes":[106],"against":[107],"our":[108,145,158,163,173],"way":[110],"conceptualizing":[112],"world.":[114],"argued":[117],"recognize":[119],"today\u2019s":[121],"telecommunications":[122],"policies":[123],"failed":[128],"we":[131],"need":[132,148],"an":[133,151],"intelligent":[134],"transport":[137],"(and":[141],"intelligence)":[142],"devices.":[146],"We":[147],"take":[150],"infrastructure-based":[152],"approach":[153],"rather":[154],"purposely":[156],"limiting":[157,162,172],"ability":[159,164,174],"communicate,":[161],"access":[166],"education":[167],"health":[169],"care,":[170],"innovate.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
