{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134896931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3063945","title":"Architecture, Classification, and Applications of Contemporary Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","display_name":"Architecture, Classification, and Applications of Contemporary Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134896931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3063945","mag":"3134896931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2021.3063945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3063945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045329465","display_name":"Yousef Alghamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-8331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yousef Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024203425","display_name":"Arslan Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-8945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arslan Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060555317","display_name":"Hung Manh La","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-2634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung Manh La","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada Reno, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada Reno, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045329465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":52.7993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99766975,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"9","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6974509954452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5945824980735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remotely-operated-underwater-vehicle","display_name":"Remotely operated underwater vehicle","score":0.43180927634239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.35301992297172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3261685371398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1567808985710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13348719477653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.12678778171539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.06507495045661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.05536565184593201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6974509954452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5945824980735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145424490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618465","display_name":"Remotely operated underwater vehicle","level":4,"score":0.43180927634239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.35301992297172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3261685371398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1567808985710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13348719477653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.12678778171539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.06507495045661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.05536565184593201}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2021.3063945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3063945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1761582155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-CAREER: 1846513","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2466474670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-PFI-TT: 1919127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146374247","https://openalex.org/W2025004307","https://openalex.org/W2120225005","https://openalex.org/W2610728744","https://openalex.org/W2799134332","https://openalex.org/W2907376723","https://openalex.org/W2937768623","https://openalex.org/W2962684895","https://openalex.org/W2966657623","https://openalex.org/W3005875202","https://openalex.org/W4213147678","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6605995551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2071768959","https://openalex.org/W4319442894","https://openalex.org/W2921408402","https://openalex.org/W4312767556","https://openalex.org/W2982615283","https://openalex.org/W2290286193","https://openalex.org/W4312370102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"gaining":[6],"significant":[7],"attention":[8],"in":[9,41,125],"recent":[10],"times":[11],"as":[12,25,129],"they":[13],"are":[14,73],"becoming":[15],"increasingly":[16],"accessible":[17],"and":[18,33,38,65,70,77,101,132,143],"easier":[19],"to":[20,28,35,47,75],"use.":[21],"This":[22],"article":[23,56,83,95,112,136],"serves":[24],"an":[26],"introduction":[27],"UAV":[29,53,80],"systems\u2019":[30],"architecture,":[31],"classification,":[32],"applications":[34,144],"help":[36],"researchers":[37],"practitioners":[39],"starting":[40],"this":[42],"field":[43],"get":[44],"adequate":[45],"information":[46],"understand":[48],"the":[49,60,67,109,115,121,135],"current":[50],"state":[51],"of":[52,88,117,123,140,145],"technologies.":[54],"The":[55,82,94,111],"starts":[57],"by":[58,120],"inspecting":[59],"UAVs\u2019":[61],"body":[62],"configuration":[63],"styles":[64],"explains":[66],"physical":[68],"components":[69,90],"sensors":[71],"that":[72,104],"necessary":[74],"operate":[76],"fly":[78],"a":[79,86,138],"system.":[81],"also":[84],"provides":[85,137],"comparison":[87],"several":[89],"for":[91],"state-of-the-art":[92],"UAVs.":[93],"further":[96],"discusses":[97],"different":[98,126],"propulsion":[99],"methods":[100],"various":[102],"payloads":[103],"could":[105],"be":[106],"mounted":[107],"on":[108],"UAV.":[110],"then":[113],"explores":[114],"classification":[116],"UAVs":[118,124,146],"followed":[119],"application":[122],"domains,":[127],"such":[128],"recreational,":[130],"commercial,":[131],"military.":[133],"Finally,":[134],"discussion":[139],"futuristic":[141],"technologies":[142],"along":[147],"with":[148],"their":[149],"associated":[150],"challenges.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}