{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093690683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2020.3032778","title":"History of Video Game Distribution","display_name":"History of Video Game Distribution","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093690683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2020.3032778","mag":"3093690683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2020.3032778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2020.3032778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103226334","display_name":"Michael Mattioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-5390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40713646","display_name":"Goldman Sachs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/031rnv444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40713646"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Mattioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goldman Sachs & Co"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goldman Sachs & Co","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40713646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103226334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40713646"],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82331198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"59","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14067","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Remote Desktop Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14067","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Remote Desktop Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9502999782562256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7434067726135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6897647380828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6858152747154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5471571683883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5442869663238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.5371445417404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15826871991157532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434067726135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6897647380828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6858152747154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5471571683883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5442869663238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.5371445417404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15826871991157532}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2020.3032778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2020.3032778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990377949","https://openalex.org/W2015624395","https://openalex.org/W2041900889","https://openalex.org/W2100481139","https://openalex.org/W2999335347","https://openalex.org/W3024123202","https://openalex.org/W4240230592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W291250033","https://openalex.org/W2008385118","https://openalex.org/W2035757446","https://openalex.org/W880955280","https://openalex.org/W2106647072","https://openalex.org/W4246858109","https://openalex.org/W54172855","https://openalex.org/W2170209930","https://openalex.org/W2046782623","https://openalex.org/W4205838854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Video":[0],"games":[1],"were":[2,19],"originally":[3],"distributed":[4],"through":[5],"fixed-function":[6],"appliances":[7],"or":[8],"gaming":[9,56],"consoles.":[10],"As":[11],"technology":[12],"improved,":[13],"various":[14],"forms":[15],"of":[16,72],"physical":[17,36,53],"media":[18],"used":[20],"to":[21,51,75],"distribute":[22],"games,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"cartridges":[26],"and":[27,39,49,67,69],"discs.":[28],"While":[29],"this":[30],"provided":[31],"versatility,":[32],"it":[33],"also":[34],"carried":[35],"design":[37],"considerations":[38],"complexities":[40],"surrounding":[41],"backward-compatibility.":[42],"Today,":[43],"digital":[44],"distribution":[45,59],"is":[46,57],"growing":[47],"rapidly":[48],"beginning":[50],"overtake":[52],"media.":[54],"Cloud":[55],"disrupting":[58],"even":[60],"further":[61],"by":[62],"eliminating":[63],"local":[64],"storage,":[65],"compute,":[66],"rendering":[68],"shifting":[70],"all":[71],"those":[73],"tasks":[74],"cloud":[76],"compute":[77],"resources.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
