{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950607204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2019.2892222","title":"Data Provenance in the Cloud: A Blockchain-Based Approach","display_name":"Data Provenance in the Cloud: A Blockchain-Based Approach","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950607204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2019.2892222","mag":"2950607204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2019.2892222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2019.2892222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065745202","display_name":"Deepak K. Tosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-1066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","display_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5vba33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Tosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas, El Paso"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas, El Paso","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052787847","display_name":"Sachin Shetty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-0610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Shetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-0610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062377042","display_name":"Xueping Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8764-9966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueping Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090126029","display_name":"Charles Kamhoua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-5975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Kamhoua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Security Branch of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Security Branch of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042072991","display_name":"Laurent Njilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-7418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent L. Njilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics engineer, Cyber Assurance Branch of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory in Rome, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics engineer, Cyber Assurance Branch of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory in Rome, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98519002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"38","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8388683199882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8385778069496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.5750921964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5448505878448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5308196544647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4919392764568329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.48566949367523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.46210891008377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.4141165614128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3901991844177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2437501847743988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11188259720802307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8388683199882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8385778069496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.5750921964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5448505878448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5308196544647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4919392764568329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.48566949367523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.46210891008377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.4141165614128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3901991844177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2437501847743988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11188259720802307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2019.2892222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2019.2892222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2652584755","display_name":"CYBER RESILIENT ENERGY DELIVERY CONSORTIUM (CREDC)","funder_award_id":"DEOE0000780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7129926321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-16-0301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337525","funder_display_name":"Air Force Materiel Command"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337525","display_name":"Air Force Materiel Command","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92976994","https://openalex.org/W1997980470","https://openalex.org/W2008259255","https://openalex.org/W2071697202","https://openalex.org/W2168529291","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2410750382","https://openalex.org/W2732894263","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2754620430","https://openalex.org/W2783408024","https://openalex.org/W2786885474","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6684533685","https://openalex.org/W6714240215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ubiquitous":[0],"adoption":[1],"of":[2,138],"cloud":[3,29,62,120],"computing":[4,121],"and":[5,23,38,67,88,154],"virtualization":[6],"technology":[7,91],"has":[8],"necessitated":[9],"the":[10,28,60,73,82,119,136,142],"need":[11,48,157],"for":[12,49,96,118,132],"strong":[13,104],"security":[14,39],"mechanisms.":[15],"Multiple":[16],"entities":[17],"are":[18,85],"involved":[19],"in":[20,27,59],"creating,":[21],"exchanging,":[22],"altering":[24],"data":[25,51,57,84,115],"objects":[26],"environment,":[30],"making":[31],"it":[32],"challenging":[33],"to":[34,75,134,158,161],"track":[35,76],"malicious":[36],"activities":[37],"violations.":[40],"To":[41],"address":[42],"these":[43],"issues,":[44],"there":[45],"is":[46],"a":[47,50,93,98,113,127],"provenance":[52,71,83,116],"framework,":[53],"with":[54],"which":[55],"each":[56],"object":[58],"federated":[61],"environment":[63],"can":[64],"be":[65,159],"tracked":[66],"recorded.":[68],"Although":[69],"log-based":[70],"provides":[72],"ability":[74],"operations":[77],"conducted":[78],"on":[79],"digital":[80],"assets,":[81],"not":[86],"transparent":[87],"immutable.":[89],"Blockchain":[90],"offers":[92],"promising":[94],"mechanism":[95,131],"building":[97],"tamper-proof":[99],"information":[100],"system":[101],"backed":[102],"by":[103],"cryptographic":[105],"primitives.":[106],"In":[107,123],"this":[108],"article,":[109],"we":[110,125,149],"propose":[111],"BlockCloud,":[112],"blockchain-empowered":[114],"architecture":[117],"platform.":[122],"addition,":[124],"present":[126],"proof-of-stake":[128],"(PoS)":[129],"consensus":[130,146],"BlockCloud":[133],"alleviate":[135],"overhead":[137],"computational":[139],"requirements":[140],"that":[141,156],"traditional":[143],"proof-of-work":[144],"(PoW)":[145],"needs.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"discuss":[150],"several":[151],"research":[152],"challenges":[153],"vulnerabilities":[155],"addressed":[160],"realize":[162],"BlockCloud.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}