{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904826146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2018.2867978","title":"Signature-Free Watermark for Protecting Digital Signal Processing Cores Used in CE Devices [Hardware Matters]","display_name":"Signature-Free Watermark for Protecting Digital Signal Processing Cores Used in CE Devices [Hardware Matters]","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904826146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2018.2867978","mag":"2904826146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2018.2867978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2018.2867978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114672763","display_name":"Pallabi Sarkar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pallabi Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and telecommunication engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and telecommunication engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088900896","display_name":"Dipanjan Roy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipanjan Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer science and engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9875-4315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer science and engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007001727","display_name":"Anirban Sengupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirban Sengupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer science and engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer science and engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024123782","display_name":"Mrinal Kanti Naskar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9357-887X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mrinal Kanti Naskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and telecommunication engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and telecommunication engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64596198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"92","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.917741060256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8795167207717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7371274828910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.7206183075904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.7107067108154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.6907047629356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.613757312297821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5925288796424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5184552073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.514626145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.5002202987670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.48980972170829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43416208028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.41987791657447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.4115930497646332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.162629634141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.1116907000541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06850335001945496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.917741060256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8795167207717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7371274828910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.7206183075904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.7107067108154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6907047629356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.613757312297821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5925288796424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5184552073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.514626145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.5002202987670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.48980972170829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43416208028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.41987791657447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.4115930497646332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.162629634141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.1116907000541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06850335001945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mce.2018.2867978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mce.2018.2867978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483040032","display_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","issn_l":"2162-2248","issn":["2162-2248","2162-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006275946","https://openalex.org/W2328044184","https://openalex.org/W2736598678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"signal":[1],"processing":[2],"(DSP)":[3],"cores":[4,17],"are":[5],"integral":[6],"components":[7],"of":[8,22],"consumer":[9],"electronics":[10],"(CE)":[11],"devices.":[12],"However,":[13],"intellectual":[14],"property":[15],"(IP)":[16],"suffer":[18],"from":[19],"the":[20,35],"possibility":[21],"piracy,":[23],"forgery,":[24],"and":[25,58],"fake":[26],"ownership.":[27],"To":[28],"address":[29],"these":[30],"issues,":[31],"this":[32],"article":[33],"presents":[34],"following:":[36],"(1)":[37],"a":[38,47,60,69],"signature-free":[39,49],"watermarking":[40],"process":[41,63],"for":[42],"protecting":[43],"DSP":[44],"cores,":[45],"(2)":[46],"covert,":[48],"watermark":[50,61],"that":[51,64],"provides":[52],"robust":[53],"security":[54],"at":[55],"nominal":[56],"overhead,":[57],"(3)":[59],"detection":[62],"can":[65],"be":[66],"demonstrated":[67],"through":[68],"functional":[70],"validation":[71],"process.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}