{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402743179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2024.3422728","title":"Why Probabilities Cannot Be Used in Cyber Risk Management","display_name":"Why Probabilities Cannot Be Used in Cyber Risk Management","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402743179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2024.3422728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2024.3422728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2024.3422728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012268194","display_name":"Andreas Grunert","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Gr\u00fcnert","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cyber Security Centre, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cyber Security Centre, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057042972","display_name":"James Bret Michael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-9858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Bret Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-9858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064110773","display_name":"Rolf Oppliger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-0750"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Oppliger","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cyber Security Centre, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-0750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cyber Security Centre, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038170264","display_name":"Ruedi Rytz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruedi Rytz","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cyber Security Centre, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cyber Security Centre, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23239202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"10","first_page":"86","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.6226000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.6226000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.6126000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14280","display_name":"Big Data Technologies and Applications","score":0.5712000131607056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.5714921951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36643916368484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3602984547615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.35168084502220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3223697543144226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.5714921951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36643916368484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3602984547615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.35168084502220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3223697543144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2024.3422728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2024.3422728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052645878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1923764247","https://openalex.org/W2114208415","https://openalex.org/W2369233745","https://openalex.org/W2125534874","https://openalex.org/W2611614597","https://openalex.org/W2313821829","https://openalex.org/W2619501344","https://openalex.org/W4386500624","https://openalex.org/W2899303483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"that":[3],"measures":[4],"of":[5],"relevance":[6],"be":[7],"used":[8],"instead":[9],"probabilities":[10],"for":[11],"managing":[12],"cyber":[13],"risk.":[14]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}