{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367044454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2023.3236523","title":"On Neural Networks Redundancy and Diversity for Their Use in Safety-Critical Systems","display_name":"On Neural Networks Redundancy and Diversity for Their Use in Safety-Critical Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367044454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2023.3236523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2023.3236523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2023.3236523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/36655efc-c5af-4cac-980e-ed20af510cca/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087302728","display_name":"Axel Brando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8103-391X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Brando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8103-391X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058235861","display_name":"Isabel Serra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-8574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Serra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019602265","display_name":"Enrico Mezzetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-2931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Mezzetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-2931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026101378","display_name":"Francisco J. Cazorla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-376X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J. Cazorla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-376X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067624233","display_name":"Jon P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6389-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140267","display_name":"Ikerlan","ror":"https://ror.org/03hp1m080","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140267"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Perez-Cerrolaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ikerlan Technology Research Center, Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6389-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ikerlan Technology Research Center, Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020861175","display_name":"Jaume Abella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7951-4028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaume Abella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7951-4028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0461,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80327605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"5","first_page":"41","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.7802091836929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7769337892532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6006175875663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-critical-system","display_name":"Life-critical system","score":0.4788215756416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4265408515930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odds","display_name":"Odds","score":0.42146044969558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41386646032333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3262781500816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.2145152986049652}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7802091836929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7769337892532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6006175875663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163707989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1996307","display_name":"Life-critical system","level":3,"score":0.4788215756416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4265408515930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.42146044969558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41386646032333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3262781500816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2145152986049652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2023.3236523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2023.3236523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/387765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/387765","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/36655efc-c5af-4cac-980e-ed20af510cca/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/387765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/387765","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/36655efc-c5af-4cac-980e-ed20af510cca/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1037813448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101069595","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1053284885","display_name":"Sustainable Performance for High-Performance Embedded Computing Systems","funder_award_id":"772773","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1855990336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2541611411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-107255GB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2660406951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/ AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690828678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G425668148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5421974903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684520763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367044454.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011419363","https://openalex.org/W2111959010","https://openalex.org/W2117876524","https://openalex.org/W2583993537","https://openalex.org/W2600383743","https://openalex.org/W2963307331","https://openalex.org/W2970602317","https://openalex.org/W3035215928","https://openalex.org/W3046790198","https://openalex.org/W3100944043","https://openalex.org/W3102433174","https://openalex.org/W3124964988","https://openalex.org/W3159054876","https://openalex.org/W4287757190","https://openalex.org/W4289543668","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6754110879","https://openalex.org/W6779635542","https://openalex.org/W6783772534","https://openalex.org/W6794739717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604849300","https://openalex.org/W4231328776","https://openalex.org/W1604293003","https://openalex.org/W1979850356","https://openalex.org/W3005040438","https://openalex.org/W3132387835","https://openalex.org/W2910024633","https://openalex.org/W1520846789","https://openalex.org/W3124750890","https://openalex.org/W3186119517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"increasing":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,23,46],"critical":[4,9],"functionalities":[5],"integrated":[6],"in":[7],"embedded":[8],"systems":[10],"rely":[11],"on":[12],"deep":[13],"learning":[14],"(DL)":[15],"technology.":[16],"This":[17],"article":[18],"summarizes":[19],"certain":[20],"key":[21],"aspects":[22],"DL\u2019s":[24],"intrinsic":[25],"stochastic":[26],"and":[27,44,55],"training-data-dependent":[28],"nature":[29],"that":[30],"are":[31],"at":[32],"odds":[33],"with":[34],"current":[35],"domain-specific":[36],"functional":[37,56],"safety":[38,57],"standards.":[39],"We":[40],"exemplify":[41],"how":[42],"redundancy":[43],"diversity":[45],"neural":[47],"networks":[48],"can":[49],"help":[50],"to":[51],"reconcile":[52],"DL":[53],"technology":[54],"requirements.":[58]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
