{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213288082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3127992","title":"Gender Asymmetry in Cybersecurity: Socioeconomic Causes and Consequences","display_name":"Gender Asymmetry in Cybersecurity: Socioeconomic Causes and Consequences","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213288082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3127992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3127992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3127992","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/2/9714075/09714102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/2/9714075/09714102.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025481201","display_name":"Nir Kshetri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-4212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nir Kshetri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Greensboro"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Greensboro","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011446835","display_name":"Maya Chhetri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-3217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya Chhetri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Greensboro"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Greensboro","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025481201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2592,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92753788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"2","first_page":"72","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6225079298019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6023345589637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","score":0.5973381400108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5450960397720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-asymmetry","display_name":"Information asymmetry","score":0.4233020544052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18996712565422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.11830320954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11464333534240723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6225079298019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6023345589637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5973381400108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5450960397720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137577040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431965","display_name":"Information asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.4233020544052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18996712565422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11830320954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11464333534240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3127992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3127992","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/2/9714075/09714102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:libres.uncg.edu/37512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401856","display_name":"NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3127992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3127992","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/2/9714075/09714102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213288082.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213288082.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2617164926","https://openalex.org/W2792700938","https://openalex.org/W6738024762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4294536920","https://openalex.org/W3148130686","https://openalex.org/W2037749514","https://openalex.org/W2411338097","https://openalex.org/W2043566625","https://openalex.org/W2375836089","https://openalex.org/W4388832383","https://openalex.org/W2504367709","https://openalex.org/W2015666588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"reviews":[2],"the":[3,18,34],"causes":[4],"of":[5],"gender":[6],"asymmetry":[7],"in":[8,33],"cybersecurity":[9],"and":[10,20,30],"argues":[11],"that":[12],"women\u2019s":[13],"increased":[14],"participation":[15],"can":[16],"strengthen":[17],"industry":[19],"improve":[21],"business":[22],"outcomes.":[23],"It":[24],"also":[25],"discusses":[26],"ways":[27],"to":[28],"attract":[29],"retain":[31],"women":[32],"field.":[35]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
