{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160429292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3081249","title":"Explainable Machine Learning for Fraud Detection","display_name":"Explainable Machine Learning for Fraud Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160429292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3081249","mag":"3160429292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3081249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3081249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06314","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033211103","display_name":"Ismini Psychoula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-9778"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismini Psychoula","raw_affiliation_strings":["OneSpan Innovation Centre, Cambridge, CB3 0FA Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-9778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OneSpan Innovation Centre, Cambridge, CB3 0FA Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046292501","display_name":"Andreas Gutmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Gutmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["OneSpan Innovation Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OneSpan Innovation Centre","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069211791","display_name":"Pradip Mainali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pradip Mainali","raw_affiliation_strings":["OneSpan Innovation Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OneSpan Innovation Centre","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028598477","display_name":"S. H. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon H. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["OneSpan Innovation Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OneSpan Innovation Centre","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087540543","display_name":"Paul Dunphy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Dunphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["OneSpan Innovation Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OneSpan Innovation Centre","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034842337","display_name":"Fabien A. P. Petitcolas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-3899"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabien Petitcolas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation Centre, Vasco Data Security, Wemmel, Flemish Braband, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Centre, Vasco Data Security, Wemmel, Flemish Braband, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5597,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72571181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"10","first_page":"49","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7122902274131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6208548545837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5913957953453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5731829404830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5691425800323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5132832527160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-fraud","display_name":"Financial fraud","score":0.4884163737297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4488627016544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-services","display_name":"Financial services","score":0.4472160339355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-selection","display_name":"Model selection","score":0.43548157811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.20289963483810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.09828519821166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.08023464679718018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7122902274131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6208548545837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5913957953453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5731829404830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5691425800323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5132832527160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985140798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28813","display_name":"Financial fraud","level":2,"score":0.4884163737297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4488627016544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139043278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837171","display_name":"Financial services","level":2,"score":0.4472160339355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.43548157811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.20289963483810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.09828519821166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.08023464679718018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3081249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3081249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.06314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.06314","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3160429292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06314.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.06314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105.06314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.06314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.06314","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.06314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160429292.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160429292.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2612336800","https://openalex.org/W2773303230","https://openalex.org/W2808797183","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2894279555","https://openalex.org/W2915146239","https://openalex.org/W2916904544","https://openalex.org/W2932771740","https://openalex.org/W2946712695","https://openalex.org/W2951152347","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2966531722","https://openalex.org/W2969495950","https://openalex.org/W3000649475","https://openalex.org/W3047945431","https://openalex.org/W3094491574","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6746239490","https://openalex.org/W6752416431","https://openalex.org/W6760822222"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795873205","https://openalex.org/W2188751776","https://openalex.org/W2601682974","https://openalex.org/W3146462599","https://openalex.org/W2930931234","https://openalex.org/W3204848727","https://openalex.org/W3173100042","https://openalex.org/W2548141778","https://openalex.org/W3118316820","https://openalex.org/W1952479354","https://openalex.org/W3133734020","https://openalex.org/W3193363979","https://openalex.org/W2542454698","https://openalex.org/W2799880871","https://openalex.org/W3044058243","https://openalex.org/W3197600815","https://openalex.org/W2772027160","https://openalex.org/W3114881531","https://openalex.org/W3048742277","https://openalex.org/W3180062783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"application":[1],"of":[2,9,25,33],"machine":[3],"learning":[4],"to":[5],"support":[6],"the":[7,23,31],"processing":[8],"large":[10],"data":[11,36],"sets":[12,37],"holds":[13],"promise":[14],"in":[15,22],"many":[16],"industries.":[17],"We":[18],"explore":[19],"explainability":[20],"methods":[21],"domain":[24],"real-time":[26],"fraud":[27],"detection":[28],"by":[29],"investigating":[30],"selection":[32],"appropriate":[34],"background":[35],"and":[38,43],"runtime":[39],"tradeoffs":[40],"on":[41],"supervised":[42],"unsupervised":[44],"models.":[45]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
