{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162497884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3057685","title":"Software Engineering: A Profession in Waiting","display_name":"Software Engineering: A Profession in Waiting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162497884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3057685","mag":"3162497884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3057685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3057685","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/2/9426969/09427127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/2/9426969/09427127.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081601500","display_name":"David Lorge Parnas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-3459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087817","display_name":"Software (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/004g36n56","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97750245","display_name":"Software (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ethns06","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}],"countries":["DE","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Lorge Parnas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle Road Software, Inc., Germany","Middle Road Software, Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-3459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle Road Software, Inc., Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle Road Software, Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081601500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I97750245"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8476,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78950161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"5","first_page":"62","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.707459568977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.6694158911705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-software-engineering","display_name":"Social software engineering","score":0.6348411440849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislation","display_name":"Legislation","score":0.6306765079498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5468499064445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5190504193305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-software-process","display_name":"Personal software process","score":0.4792340099811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-requirements","display_name":"Software requirements","score":0.4536069333553314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering-process-group","display_name":"Software Engineering Process Group","score":0.4477165937423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-peer-review","display_name":"Software peer review","score":0.44555380940437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.42908310890197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.41590234637260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14350813627243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11127793788909912}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.707459568977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.6694158911705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182500959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551380","display_name":"Social software engineering","level":5,"score":0.6348411440849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.6306765079498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5468499064445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5190504193305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702721","display_name":"Personal software process","level":5,"score":0.4792340099811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54534927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4462275","display_name":"Software requirements","level":5,"score":0.4536069333553314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44416564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554199","display_name":"Software Engineering Process Group","level":5,"score":0.4477165937423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74579156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554342","display_name":"Software peer review","level":5,"score":0.44555380940437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.42908310890197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.41590234637260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14350813627243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11127793788909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3057685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3057685","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/2/9426969/09427127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3057685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3057685","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/2/9426969/09427127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162497884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162497884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055396887","https://openalex.org/W2564557565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120376006","https://openalex.org/W4383428648","https://openalex.org/W2581854602","https://openalex.org/W2139942891","https://openalex.org/W2041796194","https://openalex.org/W1985363770","https://openalex.org/W2052544251","https://openalex.org/W2368620653","https://openalex.org/W1495689311","https://openalex.org/W63204633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ongoing":[0],"efforts":[1],"to":[2],"make":[3],"software":[4,22],"development":[5],"an":[6],"engineering":[7],"discipline":[8],"will":[9],"fail":[10],"until":[11],"we":[12],"have":[13],"legislation":[14],"requiring":[15],"that":[16,33],"creators":[17],"of":[18,21],"certain":[19],"types":[20],"be":[23],"licensed,":[24],"establishing":[25],"a":[26,34],"licensing":[27],"authority,":[28],"and":[29],"detailing":[30],"the":[31],"capabilities":[32],"licensed":[35],"developer":[36],"must":[37],"possess.":[38]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
