{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120894871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2020.3032148","title":"Digital Twins: Universal Interoperability for the Digital Age","display_name":"Digital Twins: Universal Interoperability for the Digital Age","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120894871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2020.3032148","mag":"3120894871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2020.3032148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2020.3032148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089914279","display_name":"Vartan Piroumian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088829","display_name":"Newport (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006z2nm40","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088829"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vartan Piroumian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consultant, Newport Beach, California United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consultant, Newport Beach, California United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088829"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089914279"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088829"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95520512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"1","first_page":"61","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12490","display_name":"Software Engineering and Design Patterns","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.9037171602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8069753646850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38039812445640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3652961254119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3263102173805237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.9037171602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8069753646850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38039812445640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3652961254119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3263102173805237}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2020.3032148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2020.3032148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146287093","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W2986348978","https://openalex.org/W3189142755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2093262417","https://openalex.org/W2123131699","https://openalex.org/W650116260","https://openalex.org/W2378329187","https://openalex.org/W913131694","https://openalex.org/W79697243","https://openalex.org/W3209454962","https://openalex.org/W2314257840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"twins":[1],"will":[2],"provide":[3],"a":[4,12],"standardized":[5],"platform":[6],"for":[7],"representing":[8],"real-world":[9],"objects,":[10],"enabling":[11],"consistent,":[13],"seamless":[14],"exchange":[15],"of":[16],"technical":[17],"information":[18],"and":[19,28],"interoperability":[20],"across":[21],"domains":[22],"while":[23],"reducing":[24],"risk,":[25],"increasing":[26],"safety,":[27],"improving":[29],"efficiency.":[30]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
