{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087799251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2020.3006623","title":"Centering the Law in the Digital State","display_name":"Centering the Law in the Digital State","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087799251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2020.3006623","mag":"3087799251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2020.3006623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2020.3006623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043327838","display_name":"Jennifer Cobbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8912-4760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Cobbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035772953","display_name":"Michelle Seng Ah Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-2503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Seng Ah Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054123580","display_name":"Heleen Janssen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-5741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heleen Janssen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082866143","display_name":"Jatinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-6564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jatinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043327838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84481502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"10","first_page":"47","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7061458826065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5708005428314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5445210933685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector","display_name":"Public sector","score":0.4217844009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.34470945596694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14873161911964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13650035858154297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7061458826065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5708005428314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5445210933685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.4217844009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.34470945596694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14873161911964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13650035858154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2020.3006623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2020.3006623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/f80e724c-f798-4217-8405-5727f6c7221f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/centering-the-law-in-the-digital-state(f80e724c-f798-4217-8405-5727f6c7221f).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cobbe, J, Lee, M S A, Janssen, H & Singh, J 2020, 'Centering the Law in the Digital State', Computer, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2020.3006623","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/f80e724c-f798-4217-8405-5727f6c7221f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/centering-the-law-in-the-digital-state(f80e724c-f798-4217-8405-5727f6c7221f).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer, 53(10), 47 - 58. IEEE Computer Society","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1240836798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Cambridge Trust & Technology Initiative","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320273","funder_display_name":"University of Cambridge"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3192905506","display_name":"Realising Accountable Intelligent Systems (RAInS)","funder_award_id":"EP/R033501/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4613851226","display_name":"Towards a legally-compliant Internet of Things","funder_award_id":"EP/P024394/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5285592300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R033501/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6254192505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P024394/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7796413295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Microsoft Cloud Computing Research Centre","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307764","funder_display_name":"Microsoft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307764","display_name":"Microsoft","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320273","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1779680771","https://openalex.org/W1980406593","https://openalex.org/W2285251027","https://openalex.org/W2796571581","https://openalex.org/W2809628680","https://openalex.org/W2887344017","https://openalex.org/W2898694742","https://openalex.org/W2911642385","https://openalex.org/W2946579122","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W3010408821","https://openalex.org/W3123074717","https://openalex.org/W3142835900","https://openalex.org/W4244691365","https://openalex.org/W4246891397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W2485019478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driven":[0],"by":[1],"the":[2,9,22,36],"promise":[3],"of":[4,24,29],"increased":[5],"efficiencies":[6],"and":[7,26],"cost-savings,":[8],"public":[10],"sector":[11],"has":[12],"shown":[13],"much":[14],"interest":[15],"in":[16],"automated":[17],"decision-making":[18],"(ADM)":[19],"technologies.":[20],"However,":[21],"rule":[23],"law":[25],"fundamental":[27],"principles":[28],"good":[30],"government":[31],"are":[32],"being":[33],"lost":[34],"along":[35],"way.":[37]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}