{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990622005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2019.2936071","title":"Opaque Wrappers and Patching: Negative Results","display_name":"Opaque Wrappers and Patching: Negative Results","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990622005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2019.2936071","mag":"2990622005","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32165762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2019.2936071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2019.2936071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009794697","display_name":"Paul E. Black","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-6614"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Black","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-6614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045252599","display_name":"Monika Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-549X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland United States","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13962975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"12","first_page":"89","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opacity","display_name":"Opacity","score":0.8869401216506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5402066707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5249692797660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.30209988355636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08238932490348816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.8869401216506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5402066707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5249692797660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.30209988355636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08238932490348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2019.2936071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2019.2936071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32165762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32165762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6027984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7066996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201721620","https://openalex.org/W2981853764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2161791806","https://openalex.org/W4366824690","https://openalex.org/W2613656770","https://openalex.org/W2482431380","https://openalex.org/W2073474947","https://openalex.org/W2082077321","https://openalex.org/W2053059436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1],"opaque":[2],"wrappers":[3],"to":[4,16],"prevent":[5],"attackers":[6],"from":[7],"exploiting":[8],"software":[9],"bugs,":[10],"but":[11],"we":[12],"find":[13],"no":[14],"way":[15],"implement":[17],"them.":[18]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
