{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995690781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2003.1178059","title":"Understanding the windows EAL4 evaluation","display_name":"Understanding the windows EAL4 evaluation","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995690781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2003.1178059","mag":"1995690781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2003.1178059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2003.1178059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102767377","display_name":"Jonathan Shapiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5154-7984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.S. Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, USA","Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102767377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98226246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"103","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.43070000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.43070000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.8083835244178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7062361240386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.5693113803863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporation","display_name":"Corporation","score":0.5165601968765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4705139696598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4038535952568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.390083909034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.338439404964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.20546028017997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17874479293823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14054057002067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.12573182582855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12222829461097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.07798746228218079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.8083835244178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7062361240386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.5693113803863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.5165601968765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4705139696598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4038535952568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.390083909034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.338439404964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.20546028017997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17874479293823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14054057002067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.12573182582855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12222829461097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07798746228218079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.2003.1178059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2003.1178059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066052364","https://openalex.org/W2347674884","https://openalex.org/W2351217280","https://openalex.org/W1995891224","https://openalex.org/W2224296908","https://openalex.org/W3109981693","https://openalex.org/W2086836292","https://openalex.org/W2381980429","https://openalex.org/W2023743128","https://openalex.org/W2384206113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On29":[0],"October":[1],"2002,":[2],"Microsoft":[3,34],"and":[4],"Science":[5],"Applications":[6],"International":[7],"Corporation":[8],"issued":[9],"press":[10],"releases":[11],"announcing":[12],"that":[13],"Windows":[14],"2000":[15],"with":[16],"Service":[17],"Pack":[18],"3":[19],"had":[20],"received":[21],"Evaluation":[22],"Assurance":[23],"Level":[24],"4":[25],"certification":[26,35],"under":[27],"the":[28,46,51],"Common":[29],"Criteria":[30],"evaluation":[31],"process.":[32],"The":[33],"is":[36],"sure":[37],"to":[38],"come":[39],"up":[40],"in":[41,58],"many":[42],"purchasing":[43],"discussions":[44],"over":[45],"next":[47],"few":[48],"years,":[49],"so":[50],"question":[52],"arises:":[53],"What":[54],"does":[55],"this":[56],"mean":[57],"plain":[59],"English?.":[60]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-09T07:27:16.801131","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
